干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 灌溉方式和播期对地膜春玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响

Arid

	灌溉方式和播期对地膜春玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响
其他题名	Effects of Irrigation Methods and Sowing Date on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Mulched Spring Maize
	魏育国 1; 陈雷 2; 蒋菊芳 3; 丁文魁 3; 王鹤龄 1
来源期刊	中国农学通报
ISSN	1000-6850
出版年	2014
卷号	30 期号:6 页码:203-208
中文摘要	为了缓解气候变化加剧的水资源短缺危机和生态风险,寻求合理高效节水灌溉方式,提高农田作物水分利用效率的适应性。通过不同灌溉方式和不同播期对大田地膜春玉米进行试验,采用全生育期连续定点观测春玉米发育期、产量结构和水分利用效率,分析了不同灌溉方式和不同播期对春玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:滴灌、喷灌和漫灌3种灌溉方式中滴灌最有利于春玉米干物质积累、第二播期生长状况好,干物质累积量高,尤其是乳熟期和成熟期差异明显(P<0.05)。滴灌、喷灌较漫灌根系多;喷灌根系长而粗,与滴灌、漫灌差异极显著(P<0.01)。滴灌、喷灌果穗长、果穗粗好于漫灌,滴灌秃尖最短,籽粒重和百粒重呈现为滴灌>喷灌>漫灌,且差异显著(P<0.05)。第二期产量构成优于第三期和第一期。滴灌产量高,耗水少,水分利用效率最高,而产量较高耗水最少的第三期水分利用效率高,差异显著(P<0.05)。总之,滴灌是最适宜于干旱区的抗旱、节水、节肥和增产的灌溉方式;第二期是最适宜的播种期,且气候变暖有利于晚播、晚熟品种的推广和获得高产。
英文摘要	To alleviate the crisis of water resource shortage of accelerated climate change and ecological risk, we explored reasonable and efficient water-saving irrigation methods, we improved crop water use efficiency adaptability. Through the different irrigation methods and sowing date were tested in field mulched spring maize. The whole growth period of spring maize were continuously observed, which yield and water use efficiency were analyzed else. The effect of the different irrigation methods and different sowing date on spring maizes yield and water use efficiency were analyzed. The results showed that: drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and flood irrigation 3 irrigation methods in which drip irrigation was the most conductive to spring maize in dry matter accumulation. The second sowing date had better growth amount of dry matter accumulation, especially between the milky stage and mature stage were significantly (P <0.05). Drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation had more number of roots. Sprinkler irrigations roots were longer and thicker, which with drip irrigation and flood irrigation were significant difference (P <0.01). Drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigations ear length and ear diameter were better. Drip irrigations bald was shortest. Grain weight and grain weight per showed drip irrigation > sprinkler irrigation > flood irrigation, which difference were significant (P <0.05). The second sowing date which yield was better than third period and the first date. Drip irrigation had high yield, less water consumption and water use efficiency was the highest. The third sowing date had higher yield and less water consumption, which had highest utilization efficiency, which was significant difference (P <0.05). In short, drip irrigation was the most suitable for arid region of drought, which was water, fertilizer and yield irrigation mode. The second sowing date was the best sowing time, and the climate warming was in favor of late sowing, late-maturing varieties, promotion and yield.
中文关键词	灌溉方式 ; 播期 ; 地膜春玉米 ; 水分利用效率
英文关键词	irrigation methods sowing date mulched spring maize water use efficiency
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRONOMY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5093559
来源机构	中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/232081
作者单位	1.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所, 甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室;;中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾开放实验室, 兰州, 甘肃 730020, 中国; 2.甘肃省武威市气象局, 武威, 甘肃 733000, 中国; 3.甘肃省武威市气象局农业气象试验站, 武威, 甘肃 733000, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	魏育国,陈雷,蒋菊芳,等. 灌溉方式和播期对地膜春玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,2014,30(6):203-208.
APA	魏育国,陈雷,蒋菊芳,丁文魁,&王鹤龄.(2014).灌溉方式和播期对地膜春玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响.中国农学通报,30(6),203-208.
MLA	魏育国,et al."灌溉方式和播期对地膜春玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响".中国农学通报 30.6(2014):203-208.