干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 玛曲高寒草甸沙化过程中群落结构与植物多样性

Arid

	玛曲高寒草甸沙化过程中群落结构与植物多样性
其他题名	Community structures and plant diversities in the desertification process of Maqu Alpine Meadow in Gansu
	李昌龙 1; 徐先英 1; 金红喜 2; 王多泽 2; 李菁菁 3
来源期刊	生态学报
ISSN	1000-0933
出版年	2014
卷号	34 期号:14 页码:3953-3961
中文摘要	针对玛曲高寒草甸沙质荒漠化和水土流失日趋严重的问题,采用群落样方调查的方法,研究了潜在、轻度、中度和重度4种典型高寒沙化草甸的植被结构特征和alpha多样性与beta多样性变化规律。结果表明:随着沙化程度的加剧,1)群落植被盖度持续下降(分别为99.216%, 80.078%,49.895%,36.398%)、物种数逐渐减少(分别为53,32,14,13)、群落结构趋向简单(重要值大于1的物种分别有28,16,10,8种),典型高寒草甸优势种和伴生种逐渐退出群落,而适应沙质荒漠的物种逐渐占据群落中的优势地位,玛曲高寒草甸生态系统有向高寒沙质荒漠生态系统转化的趋势,群落以青藏苔草+高山早熟禾群落青藏苔草+防风+高山嵩草群落高山嵩草+防风+青藏苔草群落毛穗赖草+藏虫实+青藏苔草+防风群落的方向演替;2)群落丰富度和植物多样性指数均呈下降趋势,差异显著;均匀度指数先增加后减小,在轻度沙化草甸达到最大,但差异不显著;而群落优势度逐渐增加,在中度沙化草甸增加极显著;3)潜在沙化草甸与沙化草甸之间的Whittaker指数差异极显著,中度沙化草甸与重度沙化草甸之间差异显著,而轻度沙化草甸与中度沙化草甸之间差异不显著。4)潜在沙化草甸与3种沙化草甸和轻度沙化草甸与重度沙化草甸之间群落相异性系数较高(0.7050.937),群落共有度指数较低(0.0340.173),而重度沙化草甸与中度沙化草甸、轻度沙化草甸与中度沙化草甸之间群落相异性系数相对较低(0.5450.553),群落共有度指数相对较高(0.2930.303)。以上分析表明,玛曲高寒草甸在沙化过程中存在轻度沙化和重度沙化两个关键过程,因此对潜在沙化草甸应采取封育、禁牧、轮牧、抚育等科学管护措施,而对沙化草甸应采取草皮移植、补播、施肥等植被快速恢复措施和流沙治理措施进行生态修复,防止草甸沙化的加剧和蔓延。
英文摘要	Maqu alpine meadow is the important part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the main water conservation area in the upper reaches of Yellow River. But in recent years, the problems of the sandy desertification and soil erosion have become a serious threat to the ecological safety of the alpine meadow in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. To solve these problems, this paper examined the vegetation structure characteristics and the variation of alpha and beta diversity on the potential,slight, moderate and serve desertification meadows in Maqu alpine meadows using sampling survey methods from July to September 2008. The results showed that in the desertification processes of Mqu alpine meadows, 1) the community coverage dropped gradually(99.216%, 80.078%, 49.895% and 36.398%, respectively),the species number also reduced gradually (53, 32,14,13,respectively), community structure took a trend of simplification (the number of the dominant species were 28, 16,10,8,respectively). The typical dominant and companion species of the alpine meadow also withdrew from the communities gradually, and the species adapted to the sandy environment occupied an important position in these plant communities. The typical Maqu alpine meadow ecosystem was gradually changing to the desertification alpine ecosystem, and experienced four stages, i.e.,Carex moorcroftii+Poa alpina communitiesCarex moorcroftii + Saposhnikovia divaricata+ Kobresia pygmaea communities Kobresia pygmaea + Saposhnikovia divaricata + Carex moorcroftii communities Leymus paboanus+ Corispermum tibeticum + Carex moorcroftii + Saposhnikovia divaricata communities. 2) The species richness, Shannon-Wiener indexes and Simpson indexes were declining significantly. The Pielou evenness indexes and Alatalo evenness indexes showed a decreasing trend following the first increasing, and it reached the maximum in the slight desertification meadow, but their differences were not significant. The dominant index was increasing significantly, and there was extremely significant difference between the moderate desertification meadow and the slight one. 3) In terms of Whittaker index, there were extremely significant differences between the potential desertification meadow and other three ones, and there was significant difference between the moderate desertification meadow and the severe one, whereas there was no difference between the slight desertification meadow and the moderate one. 4) The community dissimilarity coefficient between the potential desertification meadow and other three ones were greater (the value in the range of 0.705 0.937),while the community common indexes between them were lower (the value in the range of 0.0340.173),and the trend between the slight desertification meadow and the severe one was similar. However, the community dissimilarity coefficients between the moderate desertification meadow and severe one and the slight desertification meadow and the moderate one were lower (the value in the range of 0.5450.553),and the community common indexes were higher (the value in the range of 0.2930.303). The analysis from all the results revealed that the slight and severe desertification stages were the most important phases in the desertification process of Maqu alpine meadow. So, the potential desertification meadow must be protected and managed scientifically in order to prevent desertification from occurring. Artificial measures, e.g., enclosure, rotational grazing and tending were applied. However, in the sandy desertification meadows, vegetation restoration measures,such as turf transplantation,reseeding,fertilization as well as sand control measures must be taken to prevent the exacerbating and spreading of desertification.
中文关键词	玛曲 ; 高寒草甸 ; 沙化 ; 群落结构 ; 植物多样性
英文关键词	Maqu alpine meadow desertification community structure plant diversity
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	BIOLOGY
WOS研究方向	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5202296
来源机构	甘肃省治沙研究所
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/231593
作者单位	1.甘肃省治沙研究所, 甘肃省荒漠化与风沙灾害防治国家重点实验室;;甘肃民勤荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国; 2.甘肃省治沙研究所, 甘肃民勤荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国; 3.甘肃省治沙研究所, 甘肃省荒漠化与风沙灾害防治国家重点实验室, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	李昌龙,徐先英,金红喜,等. 玛曲高寒草甸沙化过程中群落结构与植物多样性[J]. 甘肃省治沙研究所,2014,34(14):3953-3961.
APA	李昌龙,徐先英,金红喜,王多泽,&李菁菁.(2014).玛曲高寒草甸沙化过程中群落结构与植物多样性.生态学报,34(14),3953-3961.
MLA	李昌龙,et al."玛曲高寒草甸沙化过程中群落结构与植物多样性".生态学报 34.14(2014):3953-3961.