干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 干旱区灌溉饲草料地载畜量计算方法

Arid

	干旱区灌溉饲草料地载畜量计算方法
其他题名	Calculation method of livestock carrying capacity of irrigation forage grassland in arid area
	廖梓龙; 魏永富; 郭中小; 徐晓民; 龙胤慧; 宋一凡
来源期刊	农业工程学报
ISSN	1002-6819
出版年	2014
卷号	30 期号:22 页码:87-94
中文摘要	水分是制约干旱区荒漠草原草畜平衡管理的最关键因子,解决这一问题的关键在于如何合理实现"以水定草,以草定畜,实现水草畜平衡"的思路。鉴于传统理论载畜量计算方法在产草量估测和牲畜采食量计算中存在较大误差,该文从水量平衡角度出发,提出了基于水草畜平衡的理论载畜量计算方法,以内蒙古中部达尔罕茂明安联合旗为研究区域,根据不同降水量和灌溉水量条件下的水分生产率曲线,对1 a生优质牧草青贮玉米进行估产,在分析不同体质量下绵羊采食和饮水规律的基础上,分别计算出草量载畜量和水量载畜量,以此确定理论载畜量。计算结果表明,在丰水年情景,该文方法比传统方法多6只羊/万m~2,有利于提高畜牧业的经济效益;在枯水年情景,该文方法比传统方法少7只羊/万m~2,有利于保护草原生态,避免草原退化。该文提出的载畜量计算方法适用于达茂旗荒漠草原,对牧区畜牧业的可持续发展和草原生态环境保护具有重要的指导作用。
英文摘要	Water is the key factor to in management of grassland and livestock balance in arid area. The effective way of management is to achieve a balance of supply and demand for water forage grass and livestock. This balance consists of three parts:forecasting the forage grass yield by the water balance theory, planning the livestock carrying capacity related to the forage grass intake and drinking water consume, and estimating the optimal number of livestock husbandry under the coupled limitation of the available forage grass intake carrying capacity and the available water resources quantity. There are some inaccuracy problem in applying traditional carrying capacity calculation method, such as the yield forecasting of forage grass and livestock intake feeding. The objective of this paper was to build a new livestock carrying capacity calculation model based on water-grass-livestock balance. Using Damao county in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as research area, we analyzed the curve of water productivity under the different rainfall and irrigation conditions, and forecasted the yield of silage corn by water productivity curve. The irrigation experiment of silage corn under different water condition and different precipitation revealed that there was a non-linear relationship between the water productivity and the sum of precipitation and irrigation. Increasing the sum of precipitation and irrigation can promote the water productivity, but excessive supplying from precipitation and irrigation may lead to a reduction of crop water use efficiency. Based on analyzing the curve of water productivity, the experiment result suggested that the highest water productivity was 12.42 kg/m~3 water which achieved with 550 mm water from both precipitation and irrigation. Precipitation was the vital limited factor for silage corn yield. The calculated silage corn yield of humid, medium and arid scenario was 6.83 kg/m2, 5.25 kg/m~2, 3.47 kg/m~2 respectively. For livestock intake feeding and drinking water, carrying capacity of available grass intake and the carrying capacity of available drinking water were calculated respectively, and the minimum values of the two carrying capacities were used to determine the proper livestock carrying capacity. The results showed that the carrying capacity of water, forage grass and livestock balance model was six sheep more per 10 000 m~2 than the tradition method in humid scenario. The increasing number of livestock was good for improving the economic benefit for farmers of animal husbandry. Under the arid scenario, the carrying capacity of water, forage grass and livestock balance model was seven sheep less per 10 000 m~2 than the tradition method. The decreasing number of livestock was beneficial for the ecological and environmental protection of grassland. In conclusion, the water, forage grass and livestock balance model proposed by the paper was appropriate for arid grassland, and it will have much impact on the development of livestock husbandry and the protection of ecology and environment in pasture area.
中文关键词	灌溉 ; 降雨 ; 动物 ; 载畜量 ; 饲草料地 ; 水草畜平衡 ; 荒漠草原
英文关键词	irrigation precipitation animals livestock carrying capacity forage grassland water-grassland-livestock balance desert grassland
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRICULTURE MULTIDISCIPLINARY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5326932
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/231498
作者单位	水利部牧区水利科学研究所, 呼和浩特, 内蒙古 010020, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	廖梓龙,魏永富,郭中小,等. 干旱区灌溉饲草料地载畜量计算方法[J],2014,30(22):87-94.
APA	廖梓龙,魏永富,郭中小,徐晓民,龙胤慧,&宋一凡.(2014).干旱区灌溉饲草料地载畜量计算方法.农业工程学报,30(22),87-94.
MLA	廖梓龙,et al."干旱区灌溉饲草料地载畜量计算方法".农业工程学报 30.22(2014):87-94.