干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 氨化秸秆还田改善土壤结构增加冬小麦产量

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	氨化秸秆还田改善土壤结构增加冬小麦产量
其他题名	Ammoniated straw improving soil structure and winter wheat yield
	余坤; 冯浩; 王增丽; 丁奠元
来源期刊	农业工程学报
ISSN	1002-6819
出版年	2014
卷号	30 期号:15 页码:165-173
中文摘要	为探索一种能够充分发挥秸秆改良土壤结构和提高作物产量作用的秸秆还田措施,通过2 a小区试验,对比研究了粉碎、氨化秸秆以及与无机土壤改良剂(硫酸钙)混合施用措施对农田土壤结构及冬小麦产量的影响。结果表明,粉碎并氨化秸秆施入土壤后,能显著(P<0.05)降低耕层(0~15 cm)土壤的体积质量,增加土壤孔隙度,但对耕层以下(>15~30 cm)土壤体积质量及孔隙度改善效果不明显;氨化秸秆施入土壤后较未氨化秸秆能显著(P<0.05)增加0~15 cm土壤中>0.25 mm土壤团聚体含量,粉碎并氨化秸秆能显著(P<0.05)降低土壤团聚体分形维数,提高0~15 cm土壤平均重量直径和几何平均直径各项评价指标。此外,穗粒数、1 m~2有效穗数、千粒质量和地上部总干质量与籽粒产量的相关系数分别为0.30(P>0.05)、0.76(P<0.01)、?0.89(P<0.01)和0.88(P<0.01),提高冬小麦有效穗数或地上部总干质量可能是增加作物产量的主要途径。粉碎并氨化秸秆还田较秸秆覆盖能显著(P<0.05)提高冬小麦有效穗数;粉碎并氨化秸秆与无机土壤改良剂(硫酸钙)混合施用措施提高冬小麦产量效果最为显著,在冬小麦2个生长季较长秸秆覆盖还田分别增产11.12%和17.85%,较长秸秆翻压还田分别增产7.39%和16.59%,是该试验最佳秸秆还田方式。该研究成果可为干旱、半干旱地区改良秸秆还田措施、提高作物产量提供理论依据。
英文摘要	As an important organic resource, straw returning into soil is a most economic and feasible method to improve soil structure and crop yield. Many problems occur in the utilization of straw resources, such as the slow decomposition of straw and the competition of nitrogen between straw and crop when the straw is applied into soil, thereby negatively affecting the crop yield. These problems can be affected by straw-incorporation methods, and an appropriate method may result in few problems. Therefore, this study aimed to select an efficient straw incorporation method to improve soil structure and increase crop yield in semi-arid region of Shaanxi China. To achieve this goal, a 2-year field experiment was carried out in the year of 2011- 2013. Summer maize straw was used. Two control treatments included long straw returning by covering soil (CK1), long straw plowed into soil (CK2). Four straw treatments were long-ammoniated straw plowed into soil (CN), powdered-ammoniated straw plowed into soil (FN), long-ammoniated straw mixed with inorganic soil amendment (calcium sulfate) plowed into soil (CNT) and powdered-ammoniated straw mixed with inorganic soil amendment (calcium sulfate) plowed into soil (FNT). The soil bulk density, total porosity, water stable aggregates, mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), and fractional dimension of soil aggregates were determined before experiment in 2010. Winter wheat was planted after straw returning. After harvesting winter wheat and measuring its yield, we collected soil samples at the depth of 0-30 cm and determined the soil structure-related indicators as above. The results showed that compared with CK1 and CK2, the treatment FN in the plough layer (0-15 cm) significantly (P<0.05) reduced the soil bulk density by 6.30% and 7.03%, respectively, and significantly (P<0.05) increased soil porosity by 5.07% and 6.40%, respectively. The treatment of powdered-ammoniated straw had no significant effect on the soil bulk density and porosity at the >15-30 cm. In 0-15 cm soil layer, the application of powdered-ammoniated straw (P<0.05) increased the content of soil aggregates (>0.25 mm), significantly (P<0.05) decreased soil fractal dimension, and improved MWD and GMD, improving the stability of soil structure. The correlation coefficient between grain yield and grain number, efficient panicle, 1000-grain weight, and above-ground biomass was 0.30 (P>0.05), 0.76 (P<0.01), -0.89 (P<0.01) and 0.88 (P<0.01), respectively. It indicated that the increase of its efficient panicle or aboveground biomass may primarily contribute to the increase in the yield of winter wheat. Among all the treatments, the treatment FNT had the most significant effect on increasing the yield of winter wheat. Its yield was increased by 11.12% (2011-2012) and 17.85% (2012-2013) compared with the CK1, and by 7.39% (2011-2012) and 16.59% (2012-2013) compared with the FN. Therefore, the treatment FNT was the best straw-incorporation method in this study. The results above could provide valuable information for selecting efficient straw-incorporation method to improve soil structure and crop yield in semi-arid regions of China.
中文关键词	土壤 ; 结构 ; 秸秆 ; 粉碎 ; 氨化 ; 土壤体积质量 ; 团聚体 ; 产量
英文关键词	soils structure straw powder ammoniation soil bulk density aggregate yield
类型	Article
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	Agriculture
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5207924
来源机构	西北农林科技大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/231481
作者单位	余坤, 西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院, 杨凌, 712100.; 冯浩, 西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院, 杨凌, 712100.; 丁奠元, 西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院, 杨凌, 712100.; 王增丽, 甘肃省武威市水利技术综合服务中心, 武威, 甘肃 733000, 中国.
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	余坤,冯浩,王增丽,等. 氨化秸秆还田改善土壤结构增加冬小麦产量[J]. 西北农林科技大学,2014,30(15):165-173.
APA	余坤,冯浩,王增丽,&丁奠元.(2014).氨化秸秆还田改善土壤结构增加冬小麦产量.农业工程学报,30(15),165-173.
MLA	余坤,et al."氨化秸秆还田改善土壤结构增加冬小麦产量".农业工程学报 30.15(2014):165-173.