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	历史时期哈密绿洲的时空分布特征与动力机制
其他题名	Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Oases in Hami Region and the Dynamic Mechanism in Historical Periods
	魏建斌 1; 张多勇 2; 康利军 3
来源期刊	干旱区研究
ISSN	1001-4675
出版年	2014
卷号	31 期号:1 页码:182-187
中文摘要	早在5万年前,哈密盆地就有中国北方原始人的生活痕迹,如哈密七角井、三道岭文化遗址。到公元前14世纪末和13世纪,哈密五堡、四堡等地的塞人已过着定居生活。进入汉代,特别是东汉时期,伊吾卢地成为哈密有文字史料记载的第一块绿洲。唐代设置伊州,下辖伊吾、纳职、柔远3县,绿洲分布范围明显扩大。元代在哈密力(哈密)屯垦,明代设哈密卫,绿洲分布范围有所扩大。至清代,哈密绿洲分布范围迅速扩大。民国时期,坎儿井的大量开凿,使哈密绿洲在老绿洲的基础上进一步扩大。新中国成立后,开辟了大片新绿洲。哈密绿洲的地理分布经历了从冲积-洪积细土平原泉水易出露带到修渠和开凿坎儿井引沟水、泉水或地下水灌溉地和低山带,再到冲积-洪积砾质平原和干燥剥蚀风蚀平原的过程。这一结果是在自然因素和人文因素的双重影响下形成的,清代以前自然因素占主导地位,清至民国时期人文因素开始发挥重要作用,新中国成立后,人文因素最终占据主导地位。
英文摘要	Fifty thousand years ago, the primitive people of north China had lived in the Hami Basin, which could be proved by the Hami Qijiaojing and Sandaoling sites of ancient cultural remains. Saka had settled in Hami Sibao and Wubao in the late 14th and 13th centuries BC. Yiwulu became as the first oasis in the Hami region since the time with written historical records in Eastern Han Dynasty. Yi State that consisted of Yiwu, Nazhi, Rouyuan counties was founded in Tang Dynasty, the oases in Hami were significantly enlarged. In the Yuan Dynasty, the stationed troops reclaimed wasteland in Hami. Hami Garrison was founded in Ming Dynasty, and the oases were enlarged to some extent. The oases in Hami were sharply expanded in Qing Dynasty. Karezs, the special irrigation systems, were constructed in the oases in the Republic of China, on which the oases were further expanded on the basis of old ones. After the founding of new China, a lot of new oases were opened up. Geographically, the oases in Hami were developed from the fluvial-pluvial fine-soil plains where springs flew out to the areas and low-hill regions irrigated by Karezs, spring water or rgroundwater, and then to the fluvial-pluvial gravel plains and wind-eroded plains. Such results were formed under the effects of both natural and human factors. Natural factors were dominant before Qing Dynasty. Human factors played an important role from Qing Dynasty to the republic of China. Human factors were dominant after the founding of new China.
中文关键词	历史时期 ; 绿洲 ; 时空分布 ; 动力机制 ; 哈密
英文关键词	historical periods oasis spatial and temporal distribution dytnamic mechanism Hami
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5042290
来源机构	西北师范大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/231152
作者单位	1.西北师范大学历史文化学院, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国; 2.陇东学院历史文化学院, 西峰, 甘肃 745000, 中国; 3.新疆华侨华人历史研究所, 乌鲁木齐, 新疆 830002, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	魏建斌,张多勇,康利军. 历史时期哈密绿洲的时空分布特征与动力机制[J]. 西北师范大学,2014,31(1):182-187.
APA	魏建斌,张多勇,&康利军.(2014).历史时期哈密绿洲的时空分布特征与动力机制.干旱区研究,31(1),182-187.
MLA	魏建斌,et al."历史时期哈密绿洲的时空分布特征与动力机制".干旱区研究 31.1(2014):182-187.