干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 青海湖克土沙地沙棘林的防风固沙机制与效益

Arid

	青海湖克土沙地沙棘林的防风固沙机制与效益
其他题名	Mechanism and benefit of wind-prevention and sand-fixation of Hippophae rhamnoides forestation in Ketu Sandy Land around Qinghai Lake
	吴汪洋; 张登山; 田丽慧; 魏殿生; 赵超; 贾飞飞
来源期刊	干旱区地理
ISSN	1000-6060
出版年	2014
卷号	37 期号:4 页码:777-785
中文摘要	沙棘造林是青海湖克土沙地主要治沙措施,通过改变风速廓线垂向风速增加幅度、增加地表粗糙度和改变风沙流结构的机制实现沙棘林的防风固沙效益。根据2010-2012年连续3 a的沙棘沙丘与流动沙丘的春季风沙观测和植被调查,沙棘沙丘的风速廓线对数递增规律、输沙量和沙粒粒径的指数递减规律均被破坏;2012年沙棘沙丘在1 m高度以下的防风作用增加到22.75%,总体固沙效益较2010年增加近10%;同时,沙棘林的防风固沙效益随着风速增大而减弱,随植株高度与冠幅增加而增强。综合风沙防护机制与效益,沙棘造林技术在克土沙地以及整个高寒沙地生态治理中极具推广意义。
英文摘要	Hippophae rhamnoides is a pioneer species of controlling desertification with strong ecological improvement and adaptability. Since 2008 when the measure of Hippophae rhamnoides forestation was firstly implemented in Ketu sandy land in the east of Qinghai Lake,the areal wind-sand activities and hazards have been obviously decreased,but the functional mechanism and promoting feasibility of this measure in the high-altitude and climate-cold areas need a far-researching and brief evaluation. Through a series of field wind-sand and vegetation observations in each spring of 2010,2011 and 2012, the wind-profiles and wind-flow structures of both H. rhamnoides dune and mobile dune could be compared,and mainly analyzed the mechanism and benefits of wind-prevention and sand-fixation by rhamnoides under some statistics of wind speed amplification,surface roughness,sand transport, etc. Firstly,the logarithmic law of wind-profile of the rhamnoides dune was totally broken,and as well as the exponential law of sediment discharge and sand-grain size distributing with the height,those were reflected by a higher wind increasing rate in the low and middle layers,an increasing percentage of sand transport in the upper layer,and a major distribution of coarser grain in the middle layer, which all were basically caused by the vertical lifting function of air flow and air energy accumulation in the plant canopies. Secondly,the benefit of H. rhamnoides wind-prevention changed with the height and the year. The wind-prevention function of the low layer is 2.0-3.7 times that of the middle layer, and 4.0-7.2 times that of the upper layer. Moreover, the average wind-prevention effects under the height of one meter increased to 22.75% in 2012 over twice as many as in 2010. Also, the benefit of H. rhamnoides sand-fixation increased yearly which is about 80% in 2010 and 88.9% in 2012 under a wind speed of 10 meters per minute. Thirdly, the two benefits would decrease slowly with the increasing of the wind velocity, but get raised yearly with the vegetation height and canopy,and the area and thickness of the crust would propel to a more significant benefit of preventing the wind erosion. Actually,with the protection of straw-checkerboards,the survival or preserving rate of H. rhamnoides would get improved and take better effects of preventing wind and sand hazards, however, some new attentions should be transferred to the forestation density in different landforms and soil properties for better ecological functions. Under those comprehensive study of controlling process and benefits, the technique of Hippophae rhamnoides forestation was conclusively applied to the work of controlling desertification in Ketu sandy land,even more,it was valuable to extend the measure to the whole alpine region.
中文关键词	沙棘造林 ; 防风固沙 ; 风速增加幅度 ; 风沙流结构
英文关键词	Hippophae rhamnoides forestation wind-prevention and sand-fixation wind increasing rate wind-sand flow structure
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	FORESTRY
WOS研究方向	Forestry
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5205381
来源机构	北京师范大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/231126
作者单位	北京师范大学, 环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室, 北京 100875, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	吴汪洋,张登山,田丽慧,等. 青海湖克土沙地沙棘林的防风固沙机制与效益[J]. 北京师范大学,2014,37(4):777-785.
APA	吴汪洋,张登山,田丽慧,魏殿生,赵超,&贾飞飞.(2014).青海湖克土沙地沙棘林的防风固沙机制与效益.干旱区地理,37(4),777-785.
MLA	吴汪洋,et al."青海湖克土沙地沙棘林的防风固沙机制与效益".干旱区地理 37.4(2014):777-785.