干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 中国北方地区沙漠与河流景观格局

Arid

	中国北方地区沙漠与河流景观格局
其他题名	Landscape pattern characteristics of deserts and rivers in Northern China
	李小妹; 严平
来源期刊	地理科学进展
ISSN	1007-6301
出版年	2014
卷号	33 期号:9 页码:1198-1208
中文摘要	本文运用景观生态学原理,借助ArcGIS技术,选择中国北方10个流域及其12个沙漠/沙地,并以西部的和田河和东部的西辽河为典型研究区,在流域与沙区、河道与沙丘两个尺度上,选取景观破碎度指数、景观多样性指数等指标,探讨中国北方干旱、半干旱区沙漠/沙地景观与廊道景观(河流)的空间镶嵌格局特征。结果表明:在流域与沙区尺度上,内流区较外流区沙区景观类型复杂,景观破碎度较小,外流区沙区景观结构较为相似;内流区沙区景观指数自西向东呈现出景观破碎度递增、景观结构复杂性递减的规律。在河道与沙丘尺度上,在缓冲带范围内,和田河较西辽河沙丘景观类型复杂,景观破碎度较小;景观指数随河道距离的变化呈现出景观破碎度随距河道距离的加大而逐渐递减,丰富度指数随距河道距离的加大而呈阶梯状递增的规律;从沙丘斑块类型景观指数上看,西辽河以固定、半固定的简单型沙丘为主,和田河以流动的综合型沙丘为主。主导的沙丘类型景观距离河道越远,面积比例越小,不同沙丘类型的水平景观破碎度随河道距离递减。
英文摘要	Interaction between aeolian and fluvial systems occurs widely on the surface of the Earth and plays an important role in the development of arid landforms. The most distinctive characteristics of dryland geomorphology by this interaction is that rivers are associated with deserts. Increasingly, more researchers have focused their study on the combination of desert and river landforms in arid zone. But such research are often limited to qualitative description of local areas and there have been fewer detailed examinations at a relatively large scale. Based on the principles of landscape ecology and with the help of GIS techniques as well as using landscape diversity and isolation indices, this article analyzes the characteristics of the spatial patterns of different landscape types of deserts and rivers in 12 deserts (sandy lands) within 10 watersheds in northern China, using the Hotan River as an example for the western regions and the Xiliao River for the eastern regions. The results show that on the whole, at the scale of watershed and sandy land, the landscape structure in the interior regions is much more complicated than that in the exterior regions, while its fragmentation degree is lower. Landscape structure is similar in the exterior regions. In the interior regions, however, landscape indices vary: from the west to the east, landscape diversity decreases, while landscape fragmentation degree increases gradually. At the scale of channel and sand dune, in the buffer zone, the structure of the dune landscape is comparatively more complicated in the Hotan River than the Xiliao River, but the fragmentation degree is lower. Landscape fragmentation is inversely related to the distance from the river course, that is, fragmentation degree decreases with increasing distance from channels, while richness increases with this distance. In terms of dune types, sand dunes in the Xiliao River basin are mainly fixed and semi-fixed, while in the Hotan River Basin, complex mobile dunes dominate. The proportion of the area of the main dune type decreases as their distance from the river increases. The fragmentation degree of different landscape types decreases as their distance from the river increases, but the main type of dune landscape becomes increasingly complicated further from the river course. Aeolian landform is a product of long-term interactions of various agents including water and wind, reflecting landscape heterogeneity at different scales. At the watershed/desert scale, climate, topography, vegetation, and hydrology dominate the formation of landscape patterns, while at the cannel/dune scale, the role of cannel patterns and directions of wind and water are more prominent. In future study, vector index should be introduced to make possible comprehensive analysis of the river corridor effect on desert distribution and to reveal the mechanisms and driving forces of river and desert landscape pattern formation in arid environments.
中文关键词	沙漠/沙地 ; 河流 ; 景观格局指数 ; 中国北方地区 ; 和田河 ; 西辽河
英文关键词	deserts/sandy lands rivers landscape indices Northern China Hotan River Xiliao River
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	GEOSCIENCES MULTIDISCIPLINARY
WOS研究方向	Geology
CSCD记录号	CSCD:5249190
来源机构	北京师范大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/230920
作者单位	北京师范大学, 地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100875, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	李小妹,严平. 中国北方地区沙漠与河流景观格局[J]. 北京师范大学,2014,33(9):1198-1208.
APA	李小妹,&严平.(2014).中国北方地区沙漠与河流景观格局.地理科学进展,33(9),1198-1208.
MLA	李小妹,et al."中国北方地区沙漠与河流景观格局".地理科学进展 33.9(2014):1198-1208.