干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 西藏珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区鸟类群落结构与多样性

Arid

	西藏珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区鸟类群落结构与多样性
其他题名	Avifaunal community structure and species diversity in the Mt. Qomolangma National Nature Reserve,Tibet,China
	王斌 1; 彭波涌 2; 李晶晶 3; 普穷 4; 胡慧建 3; 马建章 1
来源期刊	生态学报
ISSN	1000-0933
出版年	2013
卷号	33 期号:10 页码:3056-3064
中文摘要	通过样线法调查并综合有关文献,录得珠峰保护区鸟类342种,并对其鸟类群落结构与多样性进行了分析。其中留鸟218种,夏候鸟67种,冬候鸟43种,旅鸟及迷鸟14种;国家一级保护鸟类8种,二级保护鸟类31种;东洋界132种,古北界156种,广布种54种,特有种19种。多样性指数2.4340,均匀性指数0.4371。研究表明,喜马拉雅山脉将保护区明显阻隔为南坡和北坡两种不同的生态景观。南坡鸟类群落以森林鸟类为主,东洋界成分占67%,垂直分带明显,多样性系数3.3983,均匀度指数0.6396;北坡鸟类群落以湿地和荒漠鸟类为主,古北界成分占77%。呈斑块状分布,多样性指数1.8751,均匀度指数0.4199,南、北坡鸟类群落的相似百分率为15.70,差异显著。
英文摘要	The Mt. Qomolangma National Nature Reserve (QNNR) is located in southwestern Tibet Autonomous Region,China between 27°48’-29°19’N 84°27’-88°00’E and is the world’s highest nature reserve. The Reserve,with a total area of 32,681 km~2 and a human population of 60,000,harbors a unique alpine ecosystem and is the origination place of Asia’s continental highland avifauna. While the south slope is heavily influenced by the Indian Ocean Monsoon (IOM),the north slope is blocked from the IOM by the high Himalayan Mountains. This characterizes the Reserve with distinct ecological landscapes between its south and north slopes,along with multiple climate types and rich biodiversity. However,with recent economic development and frequent interference from human activities,the natural environment and climate here are becoming degraded. The climate changes and environmental degradation and their influence on the avian resources of Mt. Qomolangma,a globally sensitive area in biodiversity and environmental changes,have attracted considerable interest. Because of the complicated geographical environment and adverse climate,surveys on avifauna in this area are scarce and there lacks adequate data to document its avifauna diversity,distribution,and dynamics. This study aimed to bridge this knowledge gap and to clarify the status and dynamic changes of the avian fauna in the QNNR. It was designed to provide scientific baseline data in support of QNNR’s scientific management,as well as to provide environmental quality monitoring of the Tibet Plateau. Between Oct. 2010 and Aug. 2011,we organized an expedition team composed of members from Hunan Normal University,the South China Institute of Endangered Animals,and the Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences. A comprehensive investigation of avian resources within the QNNR was conducted with belt transect surveys,interviews and literature searches. Thirty-three belt transects were designed based on the principles of prioritizing species,accessibility and habitat representation,resulting in a total length of 353.4 km and the total area of 800 km~2,covering 2.45% of the total area of the QNNR. Our expedition found 342 avian species,including 218 permanent residents,67 summer residents,43 winter residents,and 14 accident visitors,in the QNNR. Among them,8 and 31 species are listed on China’s National Protected Animals List Class I and Class II,respectively. The avifauna of the QNNR has a highly mixed composition of faunal distribution types,with 132 Oriental Realm species,156 Palaearctic Realm species,54 Cosmopolitan species,and 19 endemic species. The total diversity and evenness indices are 2.4340 and 0.4371,respectively. Our findings also suggested distinct avifaunal communities inhabiting the south and north slopes of the Himalayas,with only 20 species found in both slopes. Forest birds dominate in the south slopes,and 67% of these species are of the Oriental Realm element. A clear vertical zoning in community structures was also found in the south slopes. By contrast,on the north slopes,wetland and desert birds dominate the avifaunal community,and 77% of these species are of Palaearctic elements. The avifaunal spatial distribution in the north slopes are mosaic,instead of vertical zoning. The diversity and evenness indices are 3.3983 and 0.6396 in the south slopes,1.8751 and 0.4199 in the north slopes. Overall,the avifauna between the south and north slopes in the QNNR are significantly different,with only 15.30% shared in both slopes.
中文关键词	鸟类 ; 群落结构 ; 多样性 ; 珠穆朗玛峰 ; 自然保护区 ; 西藏
英文关键词	bird community structure biodiversity Nature Reserve Mt. Qomolangma Tibet
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	ECOLOGY
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology
CSCD记录号	CSCD:4832620
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/229993
作者单位	1.东北林业大学野生动物资源学院, 哈尔滨, 黑龙江 150040, 中国; 2.湖南省西洞庭自然保护区, 汉寿, 415900; 3.华南濒危动物研究所, 广州, 广东 510260, 中国; 4.珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区管理局, 日喀则, 西藏 857002, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	王斌,彭波涌,李晶晶,等. 西藏珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区鸟类群落结构与多样性[J],2013,33(10):3056-3064.
APA	王斌,彭波涌,李晶晶,普穷,胡慧建,&马建章.(2013).西藏珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区鸟类群落结构与多样性.生态学报,33(10),3056-3064.
MLA	王斌,et al."西藏珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区鸟类群落结构与多样性".生态学报 33.10(2013):3056-3064.