干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 1980-2010年和田绿洲土地利用变化空间耦合及其环境效应

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	1980-2010年和田绿洲土地利用变化空间耦合及其环境效应
其他题名	The spatial coupling of land use changes and its environmental effects on Hotan oasis during 1980-2010
	杨依天; 郑度; 张雪芹; 刘羽
来源期刊	地理学报
ISSN	0375-5444
出版年	2013
卷号	68 期号:6 页码:813-824
中文摘要	在气候变暖、西部大开发及2009年以来实施的19省市对口援疆建设背景下,和田绿洲面临着全方位经济发展所引发的水土资源需求的巨大挑战。为此,基于研究区3期18景TM/ETM+遥感影像目视解译,从空间耦合角度分析了和田绿洲1980-2010年土地利用变化及其环境效应。研究表明:①1980-2010年,和田绿洲土地利用时空变化显著。耕地、城乡工矿居民地面积分别增加了32.32%、142.23%,灌丛与荒漠草地面积分别减少了23.12%、18.82%。新增耕地主要源于草地、未利用地开垦及毁林开荒。绿洲耕地向西北方向逆盛行风向扩张,其质心年平均偏移16.5 m。②中游绿洲区与下游荒漠区的绿洲面积、土地利用程度综合指数、信息熵与均衡度等分别呈现上升与下降相反趋势。这种以耗水量为纽带的空间耦合源于中游耕地扩张导致的下游径流量逐年减少而造成的下游土地退化。③耕地扩张提高土地利用综合水平的同时,林地与草地遭受破坏,土地利用结构信息熵上升,过渡带植被受损严重,系统不稳定性增强,威胁到和田绿洲稳定,进而危及塔里木河下游生态安全。故建议进一步调整农业内部产业结构,缩减高耗水量作物种植面积,严禁以各种名义的开荒;制定塔里木河流域地表水分配法案,立法保障关于地表水分配、增加生态用水等规定严格实施,同时严禁地下水过量开采。
英文摘要	Under the background of climate warming, implementation of China’s Western Development Policy, and aids from 19 provinces and municipalities for economic development in Xinjiang since 2009, Hotan oasis has faced great challenges for demands of water and land resources. The visual interpretation method was used to process TM/ETM+ image on some field surveys in this region. Then the land use changes in Hotan oasis and their environmental effects were analyzed by using spatial coupling. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows. (1) There have been some obvious spatiotemporal changes in the land-use structure of Hotan oasis. The areas of cultivated land and urban-rural-land increased by 32.32% and 142.27%, respectively; while those of bushland and desert grassland reduced by 23.12% and 18.82%, respectively. The former came mainly from the grassland and forest and unused-land reclaimed during the period of 1980-2010. Because of the expansion of cultivated-land towards the northwest, the gravity center of cultivated-land shifted 4.96 km with a direction against the prevailing wind. (2) The spatial coupling, which is linked by water consumption, exists between middle and lower reaches, which show a rise and a fall of the integrated index, information entropy and balanced degree, as well as the oasis areas. For the excessive water consumption in middle reaches, there is less and less water in lower reaches, resulting in serious land degradation. (3) Expansion of cultivated land in oasis exploitation increased the comprehensive level of land use; while the information entropy also increased, which severely damaged the vegetation in transitional zone, resulting in ecosystem instability, then posed a threat to the ecological security of Tarim River. It is suggested that the agricultural restructuring should be carried out. To be specific, sown area of the high water consumption crops should be reduced. At the same time, the laws and regulations on water resource distribution in Tarim River Basin should be implemented to ensure water resource balance, eco-water resource increase, as well as to prohibit expansion of cultivated land and over-exploitation of groundwater.
中文关键词	土地利用变化 ; 空间耦合 ; 环境效应 ; 和田绿洲
英文关键词	Hotan oasis land use change spatial coupling environmental effect
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology
CSCD记录号	CSCD:4907036
来源机构	中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/229345
作者单位	中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	杨依天,郑度,张雪芹,等. 1980-2010年和田绿洲土地利用变化空间耦合及其环境效应[J]. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,2013,68(6):813-824.
APA	杨依天,郑度,张雪芹,&刘羽.(2013).1980-2010年和田绿洲土地利用变化空间耦合及其环境效应.地理学报,68(6),813-824.
MLA	杨依天,et al."1980-2010年和田绿洲土地利用变化空间耦合及其环境效应".地理学报 68.6(2013):813-824.