干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 新疆中尺度对流系统的地理分布和生命史

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	新疆中尺度对流系统的地理分布和生命史
其他题名	Geographic distribution and life cycle of mesoscale convective system in Xinjiang, China
	王旭 1; 马禹 2
来源期刊	干旱区地理
ISSN	1000-6060
出版年	2012
卷号	35 期号:6 页码:857-864
中文摘要	中尺度对流系统(MCS)是夏季造成暴雨等灾害性天气的重要天气系统,高时空分辨率的静止卫星红外云图是监测MCS的主要手段之一。结合新疆的实际情况,将中-beta尺度MCS的最小尺度定义为1.0~3.0个纬距。利用1998-2002年日本第5代地球静止气象卫星(GMS-5)逐时红外云图数字资料,采用红外云图增强和图像叠加处理技术,对发生在新疆的MCS进行了分析研究,给出了新疆MCS的地理分布特征和生命史特点。结果表明:(1)5 a内新疆没有出现中-alpha尺度MCS,出现了111个中-beta尺度MCS。MCS具有年际不均衡性,1998、2000年为多发年,2002年为少发年。新疆有两个明显的MCS集中区,一处在伊犁河谷东边天山山脉的迎风坡,另一处在西天山东侧背风坡的柯坪附近,北部的古尔班通古特沙漠中MCS发生的很少,而南部的塔克拉玛干沙漠有MCS的活动。(2)MCS主要出现在春末和夏季,秋冬少见。6月最多,占总数的34%,其次是5月和7月,分别占总数的25%和15%,与新疆沙尘暴、冰雹等灾害性天气的高发季节相对应。(3)多数MCS形成于午后到午夜,夜间至凌晨消散,持续4~6h,有明显的夜发性。发生在新疆的MCS维持时间较短,这与新疆水汽供应较少有关。(4)新疆MCS的形状规则,圆形和椭圆形各占一半。绝大多数MCS是由对流泡发展而成,尺度较小。(5)给出了3个发生在不同地区的MCS个例,用以展示新疆MCS在发生和发展过程及其云顶黑体温度分布上所表现出来的多样性。
英文摘要	Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) can cause heavy rain and other severe weather events at summer. Satellite IR images with high spatial and temporal resolution is one of main approach to monitor behaviors of the MCSs. In present paper, the smallest scale of meso-beta-scale was defined as 1.0 to 3.0 latitudes according to actual situation in Xinjiang. The hourly GMS-5 meteorological satellite infrared images data from 1998 to 2002 in Xinjiang were processed by infrared satellite image enhancement and image overlay processing technology in order to analyze the behaviors of MCSs. The results showed as follows:(1) in this five years, the MCS in meso-beta-scale did not appear, the MCS in meso-beta-scale was happed 111 times. MCS has uneven characters:frequently occurs in 1998, 2000 while rare occurs in 2002. MCSs are concentrated in two major areas:one is the windward slop of Tianshan Mt. in the eastern of Ili River Vally, another Keping at the lee side of West Tianshan Mt. There occur less frequently in Gurbantunggut Desert while more in Taklimakan Desert; (2) Most of MCSs occur at end of spring and the summer while it rarely occur at autumn and winter. In June, the number of occurrences of MCSs accounts for 34 % of the total while in May and July respectively 25 % and 15 %, this fact is related to the high incidence season of the severe weather such as duststorm and hail in this area; (3) Most of MCSs possesses nocturnal feature, and it occurs from noon to midnight, and dissipates before dawn, the duration is 4 - 6 h; (4) The shape of MCSs in Xinjiang consist of round and oval-shaped, and each of them is accounts respectively for 50 % of the total. Moreover, the MCS is developed from the convection bubble, so scale of the majority of MCS is small; (5) the MCS example in different area reveals the diversity of blackbody temperature distribution in cloud top and MCS evolution process.
中文关键词	红外云图 ; 中尺度对流系统 ; 地理分布 ; 生命史
英文关键词	infrared image mesoscale convective system geographic distribution life cycle
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	METEOROLOGY ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
WOS研究方向	Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
CSCD记录号	CSCD:4744077
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/228012
作者单位	1.新疆维吾尔自治区人工影响天气办公室, 乌鲁木齐, 新疆 830002, 中国; 2.新疆维吾尔自治区气候中心, 乌鲁木齐, 新疆 830002, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	王旭,马禹. 新疆中尺度对流系统的地理分布和生命史[J],2012,35(6):857-864.
APA	王旭,&马禹.(2012).新疆中尺度对流系统的地理分布和生命史.干旱区地理,35(6),857-864.
MLA	王旭,et al."新疆中尺度对流系统的地理分布和生命史".干旱区地理 35.6(2012):857-864.