干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 北疆玛纳斯河流域人工绿洲演变过程及其特点

Arid

	北疆玛纳斯河流域人工绿洲演变过程及其特点
其他题名	Artificial Oasis Evolution and Its Characteristics in the Manas River Basin,Northern Xinjiang Region
	张青青; 徐海量; 樊自立; 张鹏; 禹朴家; 凌洪波
来源期刊	冰川冻土
ISSN	1000-0240
出版年	2012
卷号	34 期号:1 页码:72-80
中文摘要	利用历史文献资料、实地调查和监测资料,并结合遥感影像解译数据,分析了近2 000a来玛纳斯河流域人工绿洲的演变进程,探讨了人工绿洲扩展过程与水资源利用的关系以及绿洲扩张的特点。结果显示:近2 000a来玛纳斯河流域人工绿洲的形成和演变可以分为4个时期:17世纪以前以牧为主时期,流域人工绿洲仅呈星点分布在交通要道和军事据点;17世纪以后到1949年才进入半农半牧时期,流域人工绿洲呈小块状分布在河、泉引水方便之处;1949年以后玛纳斯河流域人工绿洲进入了以农为主时期,人工绿洲由小片联接成大片,扩大成新疆第四大绿洲群;20世纪70年代以后城市化时期,流域绿洲的二、三产业快速崛起。根据绿洲发展演变与水资源开发程度和灌溉水平将以农为主时期细分为4个阶段,从4个阶段不同水利条件和灌溉水平下绿洲的规模可以看出人工绿洲的演变进程是与流域水资源利用水平紧密结合的;玛纳斯河流域绿洲扩张的特点有:人文因素对其有很大影响,移民屯垦在绿洲发展中起了重要作用,近60a来人工绿洲面积成倍扩大,尽管水利建设支撑绿洲发展,但仍受到流域水资源的限制。
英文摘要	Based on historical documents,field survey and remote sensing image data,artificial oasis evolution in the last 2000 years are analyzed,and the relationship between artificial oasis evolution and water resources utilization and the characteristics of artificial oasis expansion are discussed in this paper.It is revealed that:(1) Oasis evolution in the basin over the 2000 years can be divided into four periods.Before the 1700s,Manas River basin was an area dominated by animal husbandry.Oasis was only distributed in traffic routes and military bases.During the period from the 1700s to 1949,the basin entered a period of semi-farming and semi-grazing.Oasis was a small block located around the river and spring water.After 1949,there is a farming-dominated period,when small pieces of oases in the basin connected together into a large one,and then expands to be the fourth largest oases group in Xinjiang Region.Especially after the 1970s,the second and third industries in the basin have grown up rapidly;(2) The farming-dominated period can be subdivided into four phases according to the scale of water projects and the level of irrigation.In the four phases,from the oasis scales one can see that artificial oasis evolution has a close connection with water resource utilization;(3) Oasis expansion in the basin characterized by humanity factor.Immigration settlement plays an important role in the development of the basin.Artificial oasis has a great development in the last 60 years,and oasis development still subjects to restrictions of water resources,in spite of the fact that water conservancy construction is strengthened.
中文关键词	人工绿洲 ; 演变过程 ; 特点 ; 玛纳斯河流域
英文关键词	artificial oasis evolution characteristics Manas River basin
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS POLICY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:4466865
来源机构	中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/227716
作者单位	中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐, 新疆 830011, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	张青青,徐海量,樊自立,等. 北疆玛纳斯河流域人工绿洲演变过程及其特点[J]. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,2012,34(1):72-80.
APA	张青青,徐海量,樊自立,张鹏,禹朴家,&凌洪波.(2012).北疆玛纳斯河流域人工绿洲演变过程及其特点.冰川冻土,34(1),72-80.
MLA	张青青,et al."北疆玛纳斯河流域人工绿洲演变过程及其特点".冰川冻土 34.1(2012):72-80.