干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 流域开发的生态效应问题初探

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	流域开发的生态效应问题初探
其他题名	Ecological Effects of River Basins Development in China
	张雷; 黄园淅; 程晓凌; 杨波; 李江苏
来源期刊	资源科学
ISSN	1007-7588
出版年	2011
卷号	33 期号:8 页码:1422-1430
中文摘要	文章通过黄河、猫跳河和汉江三个流域开发的案例分析表明:随着现代流域开发程度的提高,水利水电工程建设所产生的生态负效应也不断显示出来。实际上,由于流域开发的正负生态效应两者的发生存在明显的时空差,目前流域开发所做规划和设计尚无法通过及时的反馈机制加以修正和完善。如此状态使得工程建设的规模越大,梯级开发的程度越高,流域开发利弊的争论也就越大,所冒的开发生态风险也就越大。有鉴于此,最大限度地从以往流域开发的经验、特别是从失败案例的分析和研究中汲取有益成分,就成为现代流域开发生态效应评价的基本出发点和基础所在。
英文摘要	This paper focuses on construction and planning of dams on a river basin scale and examines the risks of dams to freshwater ecosystems. Through three case studies, i.e., the three basins of the Yellow River in northern China, the Maotiao River and the Hanjiang River in southern China, it reveals that dams built for multiple purposes in river basins with a more complex landscape and a more developed economy would face a greater challenge due to their ecological side-effects. Like those in anywhere else, dams in the three basins are both a blessing and a curse. On the one hand, these dams can provide water and generate power. On the other hand, they could cause serious damage to freshwater ecosystems, affecting both nature and people locally. For the first case, a constant dry-up of the Yellow River since the 1970s had become increasingly serious up to the mid-1990s due to more than 170 dams in large- and middle-sizes built for irrigating and powering the local arid farming and urban economies. The Maotiao River basin, as the second case study, has been suffering seriously from reservoir pollution after 6 dams constructed in the early of 1980s, mainly due to wide use of fertilizers and agricultural chemicals as well as a rapid increase of urban and industrial contaminants. In the meantime, the number of four major Chinese carps, i.e., herring, grass carp, chub, and bighead carp, in the third case study,has greatly decreased since the total area of the wetlands shrunk by nearly 19% after the Danjiang Reservoir constructed in the Han River basin in 1968. In fact, there has no any possible chance for planners and engineers to amend their images and concerns on the side-effects of these hydro-projects in time duo to a space-time difference of the feedback occurring from basin’s ecological systems. In general, the larger the size of hydro-projects and the more developed the basins, there have the greater the debates on the ecological side-effects of the hydro-projects and the greater the risks of the hydro-projects there would be . As such, benefits from the past practices, especially from the failed cases, would be helpful for environmental assessment on the newly proposed hydro-projects as well as the river basins development.
中文关键词	流域开发 ; 生态效应 ; 时空差
英文关键词	Development of River Basins Ecological effects Space-time difference
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	ENERGY FUELS
WOS研究方向	Energy & Fuels
CSCD记录号	CSCD:4317605
来源机构	中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/227651
作者单位	中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室, 北京 100101, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	张雷,黄园淅,程晓凌,等. 流域开发的生态效应问题初探[J]. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,2011,33(8):1422-1430.
APA	张雷,黄园淅,程晓凌,杨波,&李江苏.(2011).流域开发的生态效应问题初探.资源科学,33(8),1422-1430.
MLA	张雷,et al."流域开发的生态效应问题初探".资源科学 33.8(2011):1422-1430.