干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 华北山前平原农田土壤硝态氮淋失与调控研究

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	华北山前平原农田土壤硝态氮淋失与调控研究
其他题名	Soil nitrate leaching and control methods in the piedmont of North China Plain
	李晓欣 1; 马洪斌 1; 胡春胜 1; 张桂杰 2
来源期刊	中国生态农业学报
ISSN	1671-3990
出版年	2011
卷号	19 期号:5 页码:1109-1114
中文摘要	本文依托中国科学院栾城农业生态系统试验站小麦-玉米一年两熟长期定位试验,应用土钻取土和土壤溶液取样器取水的方法,研究了不同农田管理措施下土壤硝态氮的累积变化,计算了不同氮肥处理通过根系吸收层的硝态氮淋失通量。结果表明,小麦-玉米生长季土壤硝态氮累积量和淋失量随着施氮量的增加显著增加,相同氮肥水平下增施磷、钾肥增加了作物的收获氮量,施磷肥增加的作物收获氮量最高可达123 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1),施钾肥增加的作物收获氮量最高为31 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)。不同灌溉水平下0~400 cm土体累积硝态氮随着灌溉量的增加而降低,控制灌溉(小麦季不灌水,玉米季灌溉1水)、非充分灌溉(小麦季灌溉2~3水,玉米季按需灌溉)、充分灌溉(小麦季灌溉4~5水,玉米季按需灌溉)各处理剖面累积硝态氮量分别为1 698 kg·hm~(-2)、1 148 kg·hm~(-2)和961 kg·hm~(-2)。与非充分灌溉和充分灌溉处理相比,控制灌溉在100~200 cm土层硝态氮累积量显著高于其他层次,2003~2005年间控制灌溉剖面增加的硝态氮量占施肥总量的23%;非充分灌溉处理剖面增加的硝态氮量占施肥总量的22%;充分灌溉处理剖面增加的硝态氮量占施肥总量的47%。免耕措施降低了作物产量,影响土壤水的运移,增加了硝态氮的淋失风险。根据作物所需降低氮素投入(N 200 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)),增施磷、钾肥,控制灌溉量是减少华北山前平原地区硝态氮淋失,保护地下水的有效措施。
英文摘要	Soil core and soil water samples were collected in a long-term field experiments to study soil nitrate nitrogen(NO3 --N)accumulation and leaching in winter wheat/summer maize double-cropping system under different agricultural management practices in the North China Plain(NCP).The results showed that NO3--N accumulation in the soil profile and NO3--N leaching through the root zone increased with increasing N fertilizer application(P<0.05).Application of P and K fertilizers improved the grain yield and harvested more N in grains.P and K inputs increased the amounts of harvested N in grains by 123 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)and 31 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1),respectively.Based on the experiment,the amount of irrigation also affected NO3--N accumulation and distribution in the soil profile.The amounts of accumulated NO3 --N in the 0~400 cm soil profile significantly decreased with increasing irrigation frequency.Aridirrigation treatment(i.e.,no irrigation and one irrigation during winter wheat and summer maize seasons,respectively)produced 1 698 kg(N)·hm~(-2)of accumulated NO3--N in the 0~400 cm soil profile.This was significantly higher(P<0.05)than those of deficient irrigation(i.e.,2~3 irrigations during winter wheat season,irrigation when needed during summer maize season)and sufficient irrigation(i.e.,4~5 irrigations during winter wheat season,irrigation when needed during summer maize season)with accumulated NO_3~--N in the 0~400 cm soil profile of 1 148 kg(N)·hm~(-2)and 961 kg(N)·hm~(-2),respectively.Compared with deficient and sufficient irrigation treatments,accumulated NO_3~--N in the 100~200 cm soil layer was higher than in the other soil layers under arid irrigation treatment.From 2003~2005,increases in NO_3~--N in the 0~400 cm soil profile were different among different irrigation treatments. The amounts of fertilizer N left in the soil under arid irrigation,deficient irrigation and sufficient irrigation were 23%,22%and 47%, respectively.No-tillage decreased grain yield,changed soil water movement and increased water storage in deep soils,which in turn increased the risk of NO3--N leaching.Based on the results,200 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)N input with less irrigation and balanced fertilization were the most effective mode that protected groundwater from nitrate pollution in NCP.
中文关键词	小麦-玉米轮作 ; 硝态氮累积 ; 氮淋失 ; 水量平衡 ; 施肥 ; 灌溉措施 ; 免耕
英文关键词	Wheat-maize rotation Nitrate nitrogen accumulation Nitrogen leaching Water balance Fertilization Irrigation practice No-tillage
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRICULTURE MULTIDISCIPLINARY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:4318311
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/227599
作者单位	1.中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心, 石家庄, 河北 050022, 中国; 2.石家庄市环境监测中心, 石家庄, 河北 050021, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	李晓欣,马洪斌,胡春胜,等. 华北山前平原农田土壤硝态氮淋失与调控研究[J],2011,19(5):1109-1114.
APA	李晓欣,马洪斌,胡春胜,&张桂杰.(2011).华北山前平原农田土壤硝态氮淋失与调控研究.中国生态农业学报,19(5),1109-1114.
MLA	李晓欣,et al."华北山前平原农田土壤硝态氮淋失与调控研究".中国生态农业学报 19.5(2011):1109-1114.