干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 冀西北坝上半干旱区南瓜油葵间作的水分效应

Arid

	冀西北坝上半干旱区南瓜油葵间作的水分效应
其他题名	Moisture effect analysis of pumpkin and oil sunflower intercropping in semi-arid area of northwest Hebei Province
	黄伟 1; 张俊花 1; 李文红 1; 张立峰 2
来源期刊	生态学报
ISSN	1000-0933
出版年	2011
卷号	31 期号:14 页码:4072-4081
中文摘要	针对冀西北高原水源匮乏、利用低效问题,于20092010年在农业部张北农业资源与生态环境重点野外观测试验站通过南瓜//油葵不同间作群体结构试验,探讨了该区南瓜水分高效的种植方式。试验设南瓜单作(Sp),南瓜行间作1行油葵(IC1),南瓜行间作2行油葵(IC2)和油葵单作(So)4个处理。结果表明,南瓜行间种植两行油葵(IC2)在南瓜生长中后期出现了油葵与南瓜争夺水分的现象,而南瓜行间种植一行油葵(IC1)无此现象。各处理间水量平衡各分量有较大的差异,在整个生育时期降雨量为201.6mm的情况下,渗漏量占的比重非常小,并且土壤蓄水量变化均为负值,绝大部分水分都是以气态水蒸散掉,但不同间作方式蒸散失水量不同,其中IC1较So、Sp和IC2分别少散失土壤水分36.33%、19.00%和34.87%。得益于油葵的偏利效应使南瓜经济产量下降30.00%71.42%,而间种油葵单株产量相对单作田提高190.71%241.26%,虽其土地当量比LER和水分当量比WER分别达1.081.22和1.071.26,但IC1复合群体的经济效益只能与南瓜单作田持平,其他处理明显低于单作南瓜。在冀西北高原雨养背景下,稀植高效的南瓜单作生产能够实现对区域水资源的高效利用。
英文摘要	In the recent years,the environment has deteriorated in the plateau in northwest Hebei Province.Farmland has been converted to forestland and grassland following national policy.As the area of cultivated land has decreased,the income of the rural population has reduced.In the past decade,out-of-season vegetables have been cultivated in meadow chestnut soil,which accounts for 10%15% of the total cultivated area.This has led to an increase in income of the rural population.The area of sand chestnut soil,which accounts for 60%70% of the total cultivated area,is not effectively used.Improving the use of local resources,particularly sand chestnut soil,has become an important challenge.Pumpkin can be used as both a vegetable and food crop and its economic value is 78 times more than that of naked oats.Because it is drought tolerant and suitable for larger spaced planting,it is usually the first candidate crop used to improve the local economy of arid areas.Experiments were conducted during 20092010 at the Zhangbei Agricultural Resource and Ecological Environment Key Field Research Station,Hebei Province,China to study the water efficiency of the pumpkin-planting patterns used in this area.Four patterns of pumpkin and oil sunflower intercropping were compared to determine whether a stereo-planting pattern of pumpkin and oil sunflower can increase the efficiency of use of water and soil resources and increase the economic value of crops in the plateau of northwest Hebei Province.The four planting patterns included sole cropping of pumpkin(Sp)and oil-sunflower(So),as well as intercropping with one row of oil sunflower(IC1),and intercropping with two rows of oil sunflower(IC2)between pumpkin rows.Water balance,water use efficiency,variation of water use among different stages and sites and yield were studied by monitoring soil water in each planting pattern.The results showed that oil sunflower competed with pumpkin for soil water during the late growth stage of pumpkin in IC2 but there was no water competition in IC1.Total rainfall during the growing season was 201.6 mm,and soil water balance differed among treatments.In all cases,water percolation was low,and soil moisture storage was always negative.Nearly all water loss occurred through evapotranspiration,which varied according to the soil treatment.The seasonal evapotranspiration of plants in IC1 was less than those of plants in So,Sp,and IC2,which measured 46.57%,41.22%,and 46.73%,respectively.The economic yield of pumpkin decreased from 30.00% with IC1 to 71.42% with IC2.Compared with So,oil sunflower intercropping increased the yield per plant from 190.71% to 241.26%,showing that oil sunflower has some advantages over pumpkin.The land equivalent ratio of pumpkin to oil sunflower had a range of 1.081.22,while the water equivalent ratio had a range of 1.071.26.The economic value of Sp was the greatest of the four planting patterns;although it did not differ significantly from IC1,it was significantly lower than the other planting patterns.In this region of rain-fed dry land farming,sparse planting of pumpkin,without oil sunflower intercropping,could allow effective use of the water resources in the plateau of northern Hebei Province.
中文关键词	南瓜 ; 油葵 ; 间作 ; 土壤水分 ; 水分利用
英文关键词	pumpkin oil sunflower intercropping soil moisture water use
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	HORTICULTURE ; AGRONOMY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:4260460
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/226948
作者单位	1.河北北方学院农林科技学院, 宣化, 河北 075131, 中国; 2.河北农业大学农学院, 保定, 河北 071001, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	黄伟,张俊花,李文红,等. 冀西北坝上半干旱区南瓜油葵间作的水分效应[J],2011,31(14):4072-4081.
APA	黄伟,张俊花,李文红,&张立峰.(2011).冀西北坝上半干旱区南瓜油葵间作的水分效应.生态学报,31(14),4072-4081.
MLA	黄伟,et al."冀西北坝上半干旱区南瓜油葵间作的水分效应".生态学报 31.14(2011):4072-4081.