干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 施肥和覆膜垄沟种植对旱地小麦产量及水氮利用的影响

Arid

	施肥和覆膜垄沟种植对旱地小麦产量及水氮利用的影响
其他题名	Effects of fertilization and plastic film mulched ridge-furrow cultivation on yield and water and nitrogen utilization of winter wheat on dryland
	李廷亮 1; 谢英荷 1; 任苗苗 1; 邓树元 2; 单杰 2; 雷震宇 3; 洪坚平 1; 王朝辉 4
来源期刊	生态学报
ISSN	1000-0933
出版年	2011
卷号	31 期号:1 页码:212-220
中文摘要	通过大田试验研究了施肥和覆膜垄沟种植对旱地冬小麦群体动态,产量构成及水氮利用的影响.结果表明,覆膜垄沟种植和追肥处理可显著提高旱地冬小麦穗数,追肥处理可减少后期无效分蘖;覆膜垄沟种植和追肥处理产量分别比农户模式提高了11.73%和13.91%,穗数和穗粒数是其产量提高的关键因素;覆膜垄沟种植方式可减少土壤水分损耗,水分利用率为11.60kg.hm-.2mm-1,显著高于其他处理;追肥处理能有效促进小麦生育中后期对氮素的吸收利用,在基施氮量165 kg/hm2上再追肥30 kg/hm2,地上部分吸氮总量增加15.45 kg/hm2,追肥氮的利用率显著高于底肥氮利用率,为51.5%
英文摘要	Water and nutrient are the major restriction factors for growth and development of winter wheat on dryland. Therefore,it is of great importance to study water-fertilizer interaction effects under the conditions of natural precipitation for increasing winter wheat yield, fertilizer utilization, soil productivity and improving soil structure on dryland. However, the water-fertilizer interaction effects were not only the coordination in quantity, but also closely related to crop growth stages. Meanwhile, interaction effects were all closely related to soil moisture and fertility, and changed with regional differences of soils and climate. So effects of fertilization and plastic film mulched ridge-furrow cultivation system on population dynamics, yield components and utilization of water and nitrogen of winter wheat on dryland were studied by field experiment in rain-fed growing areas in Xiangfen county, Shanxi province. The experiment consisted of 5 treatments,i.e.no nitrogen fertilization, conventional nitrogen fertilization, recommended fertilization, recommended nitrogen fertilization + top dressing and recommended nitrogen fertilization + plastic film mulched ridge-furrow cultivation. Potassium fertilizer was not applied in all treatments, rate of phosphate was 120 kg P2O5/hm2, and top dressing was carried out when rainfall happened at booting stage. Ridge width was 20 cm, ridge height was 6 cm and furrow width was 20 cm in plastic film mulched ridge-furrow cultivation system. There was no irrigation and the rainfall was 182.6 mm over the winter wheat growth season. Obtained results showed that both the plastic film mulched ridge-furrow cultivation and top dressing treatments promoted winter wheat spike number formatting evidently, which was around 4.6 million plants/hm2. Spike number and kernel number per spike were the key factors in increasing yield of plastic film mulched ridge-furrow cultivation and top dressing treatments on dryland;the invalid tillerings could be reduced by later top dressing. The yield of plastic film mulched ridge-furrow cultivation and top dressing treatments were 11.73% and 13.91% higher than that of conventional fertilization respectively. The plastic film mulched ridge-furrow cultivation could obviously reduce consumption of soil water,so the water consumed by plastic film mulched ridge-furrow cultivation was only 172.82 mm, which was the lowest among all treatments, and the water utilization efficiency of plastic film mulched ridge-furrow cultivation system was highest, being 11.60 kg · hm-2 · mm-1.The top dressing treatment promoted effectively soil water to be absorbed and utilized by winter wheat, with the water efficiency being 10.47 kg · hm-2 · mm-1, which was significant higher than that of both conventional nitrogen fertilization and recommended nitrogen fertilization. Therefore,to some extent, the plastic film mulched ridge-furrow cultivation and top dressing were important measures to increase water use efficiency and solve soil water shortages in arid regions. The top dressing also effectively promoted the nitrogen and utilization by winter wheat in medium-late growth period. The total absorption of nitrogen in aboveground part of winter wheat was increased by 15.45 kg/hm2, and the agronomic efficiency and apparent recovery efficiency of applied N by 20.6% and 106.1%, respectively by top dressing of 30 kg N/hm2 on the basic nitrogen application of 165 kg/hm2.The nitrogen use efficiency of top dressing was 51.5%, which was significantly higher than that of base fertilization. Therefore, plastic film mulched ridge-furrow cultivation and rational fertilizer top dressing according to the regularity of nitrogen requirement are the important measures for increasing yield and utilization of water and nitrogen of winter wheat on dryland
中文关键词	旱地 ; 冬小麦 ; 覆膜垄沟种植 ; 追肥 ; 产量 ; 水氮利用率
英文关键词	dry land winter wheat plastic film mulched ridge-furrow cultivation top dressing yield water and nitrogenous utilization efficiency
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology
CSCD记录号	CSCD:4115558
来源机构	西北农林科技大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/226873
作者单位	1.山西农业大学资源与环境学院, 太谷, 山西 030801, 中国; 2.山西省襄汾县土肥站, 襄汾, 山西 041500, 中国; 3.山西省临汾市土肥站, 临汾, 山西 041000, 中国; 4.西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 杨凌, 陕西 712100, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	李廷亮,谢英荷,任苗苗,等. 施肥和覆膜垄沟种植对旱地小麦产量及水氮利用的影响[J]. 西北农林科技大学,2011,31(1):212-220.
APA	李廷亮.,谢英荷.,任苗苗.,邓树元.,单杰.,...&王朝辉.(2011).施肥和覆膜垄沟种植对旱地小麦产量及水氮利用的影响.生态学报,31(1),212-220.
MLA	李廷亮,et al."施肥和覆膜垄沟种植对旱地小麦产量及水氮利用的影响".生态学报 31.1(2011):212-220.