干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 古尔班通古特沙漠南缘大沙鼠的食性

Arid

	古尔班通古特沙漠南缘大沙鼠的食性
其他题名	Food habits of great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) in south of Gurbantunggut Desert
	杨维康 1; 刘伟 2; 黄怡 3; 乔洪海 1; 徐文轩 1; 夏参军 1; 林杰 1; 徐峰 1
来源期刊	干旱区地理
ISSN	1000-6060
出版年	2011
卷号	34 期号:6 页码:912-918
中文摘要	2009年9月~2010年9月在新疆古尔班通古特沙漠南缘采集了15个大沙鼠洞区的粪样和研究区域内所有植物标本，采用粪便显微组织学分析方法分析了不同季节大沙鼠的食性，并初步探讨了其食性与周围环境的关系。结果表明大沙鼠食性广，采食植物种类共计13科25种。春季大沙鼠的主要食物是囊果苔草（Carex physodes）（45.21%）和尖喙牻牛儿苗（Erodium oxyrrhynchum） (15.25%)，夏季的主要食物是虫实（Corispermum sp.）(28.16%)、沙漠绢蒿（Seriphidium santoli-num) (17.98%)、沙蒿（Artemisia desertorum）(12.32%)、膜果麻黄（Ephedra przewalskii）(11.91%)和对节刺（Horaninowia ulicina）(10.29%)，秋季和冬季的主要食物是梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron），所占食物组成比例分别为81.53%和79.95%。对大沙鼠食物组成季节间相似指数统计结果表明，仅在秋冬季节间相似性很高（0.99），其余季节间相似性均相对较低（0.23 - 0.28）。大沙鼠以栖息环境中的大宗植物为主要食物，其食性随不同分布区建群植物不同而变化。大沙鼠食物组成的季节性变化与其栖息环境中植物物候的季节性变化规律相吻合。梭梭仅在秋冬季成为大沙鼠的主要食物，而在春夏季节鲜被采食。
英文摘要	Based on 15 burrows of feces of great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) and all categories of plant specimen random collected from the south of the Gurbantunggut Desert from September 2009 to September 2010 in different seasons. The food habits of the great gerbil was studied by using the fecal analysis method, and the relationship between food habits and the environment was discussed preliminarily. The results show that 25 species of plants belonging to 13 families were identified as food items. Diets of great gerbil varied seasonally. According to our results, Chenopodiaceae, Cyperaceae and Composita were consumed year round by great gerbil and can be considered as the main foods of great gerbil. Chenopodiaceae is the major food of great gerbil in autumn and winter, which takes account of 82.63% and 80.74%, respectively. Cyperaceae takes an important role in the food of great gerbil (45.21%) in spring, comparing to other seasons, Cyperaceae is consumed much high in spring. In summer, proportion of Composita increases apparently (30.41%) in the foods of great gerbil. Proportion of Geraniaceae and Boraginaceae in the foods of great gerbil is apparently high in spring (11.09%和 15.25%) comparing to other seasons. Brassicaceae, Liliaceae, Umbellales and Euphorbiaceae are consumed only in spring by great gerbil. 18 species of plants are consumed by great gerbil in spring, among of them Carex physodes, Erodium oxyrrhynchum and Stipa glareosa are the major food categories of great gerbil, occupying 45.21%, 15.25% and 8.23% of diet constitution, respectively. 14 species of plants are consumed by great gerbil in summer, among of them Corispermum sp., Seriphidium santolinum, Artemisia desertorum, Ephedra przewalskii and Horaninowia ulicina are the major food categories of great gerbil, occupying 28.16%, 17.98%, 12.32%, 11.91% and 10.29%, respectively. 8 species of plants are consumed by great gerbil in autumn and winter, among of them Haloxylon ammodendron is the major food categories of great gerbil in autumn and winter, occupying 81.53% and 79.95%, respectively. Similarity coefficients show that diet similarity of great gerbil between autumn and winter is quite high (0.99) and diet similarity of great gerbil between any other two seasons is very low (0.23 - 0.28). According to our results, we think that the diet of great gerbil can be much different in the different regions. The food components of great gerbil always vary acutely with dominant plants species in the different habitats. As a result, the great gerbil basically makes living as the dominant plants. It is an environment adaptation to the desert habitat, which is short of food resources. The food components of great gerbil are changed regularly with the seasonal change of plant phenology in the study area. It is the plant phenology that forces the change in the food components of great gerbil. Haloxylon ammondendron was reported as the main food of great gerbil year round by most of studies. However, according to our results, Haloxylon ammondendron is the main food of great gerbil only in autumn and winter. In spring and summer, the fresh sub-shrubs and herbs occurs abundantly in the study area. Great gerbil mainly feeds on the different sub-shrubs and herbs, but avoids Haloxylon ammondendron.
中文关键词	大沙鼠 ; 粪便显微组织学分析 ; 食性 ; 相似性指数分析 ; 古尔班通古特沙漠
英文关键词	great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) fecal microscopic analysis food habit similarity coefficient analysis Gurbantunggut Desert
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	ZOOLOGY
WOS研究方向	Zoology
CSCD记录号	CSCD:4395448
来源机构	中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/226490
作者单位	1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 中国科学院干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐, 新疆 830011, 中国; 2.四川大学生命科学学院, 成都, 四川 610064, 中国; 3.新疆石油学院基础科学系, 乌鲁木齐, 新疆 830000, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	杨维康,刘伟,黄怡,等. 古尔班通古特沙漠南缘大沙鼠的食性[J]. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,2011,34(6):912-918.
APA	杨维康.,刘伟.,黄怡.,乔洪海.,徐文轩.,...&徐峰.(2011).古尔班通古特沙漠南缘大沙鼠的食性.干旱区地理,34(6),912-918.
MLA	杨维康,et al."古尔班通古特沙漠南缘大沙鼠的食性".干旱区地理 34.6(2011):912-918.