干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 西亚两河流域水资源开发引起国际纠纷的经验教训及启示

Arid

	西亚两河流域水资源开发引起国际纠纷的经验教训及启示
其他题名	Lessons and Inspirations from the International Disputes Caused by Water Resources Development in the Two-River Basin of West Asia
	胡文俊 1; 杨建基 1; 黄河清 2
来源期刊	资源科学
ISSN	1007-7588
出版年	2010
卷号	32 期号:1 页码:19-27
中文摘要	幼发拉底河和底格里斯河组成了西亚著名的两河流域,跨越土耳其、叙利亚和伊拉克3个主要沿岸国,其下游地区具有数千年的灌溉历史,是古代西亚文明的发祥地.近几十年来,由于上游地区大规模水资源开发(特别是土耳其实施规模庞大的安纳托利亚东南项目)导致了上、下游国家间的矛盾与纠纷.两河流域与中东其它国际河流一样,都处于干旱缺水地区,水资源及水电开发利用纠纷引起了国际社会的高度关注.本文在全面回顾两河流域水资源特点及开发利用的基础上,分析了引起国际纠纷的深层原因,总结了5个方面的经验教训,包括:沿岸国对跨界河流开发利用的权利与义务、跨界河流水资源的公平合理分配、大坝建设对下游国的影响、第三方作用以及区域水政治的影响.这些经验教训不仅对我国,而且对处于缺水地区的国家公平合理开发利用国际河流及开展国际合作都具有重要的启示意义,如:制订和执行国际河流管理的有关法律文件是重要的制度保障手段:大坝建设及运行要采取有效措施避免断流或剧烈的流量变化;综合考虑沿岸国家的利益和关切,加强国际河流流域合作是全球发展的趋势.
英文摘要	The Euphrates and Tigris Rivers constitute the well known Two-River Basin.covering three major riparian countries of Turkey,Syria and Iraq,the downstream areas of which have thousands years of irrigation history and are the origin of the ancient western Asian civilization.However,a large scale of water resources development proj ects have been implemented in the upstream areas over the past decades(especially the giant Southeastern Anatolian Project,called GAP in Turkey,is one of the most ambitious development projects in the world).As a result,a series of severe international contradictions and conflicts taken place between the upper and down riparian states.The Two.River Basin like other international rivers in the Middle East area is located in an arid region with natural water shortage,resulting in high attentions being paid by international societies to the transboundary water conflicts and disputes caused by large scale of water resources and hydropower development in those international river basins.In the present work,the authors performed a comprehensive review on the characteristics of the water resources within the Two-River Basin and in the three riparian states,and analyzed water and hydropower development situations,and major events with transboundary conflicts and disputes arising from influences of large dam construction and flow regulation on the mainstream of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers.Furthermore.the authors explored in detail the root causes to the international disputes on transboundary rivers.The criticaIlessons concluded from different perspectives are:1)right understanding of and following international rights and obligations of each riparian state on development and utilization of an international river(including appropriate application of prior notification,consultation and negotiation);2)equitable and reasonable allocation of trans-boundary waters;3)assessment of impacts of large dams construction on downstream states;4)acknowledging the roles of the third parties(such as international financial institutions and foreign development agencies)on promoting consultation and cooperation between riparian counties;and 5)taking into account the influence of regional hydro-politics.Those lessons provided positive and important reference and inspirations for China as well as other riparian states sharing international rivers,especially those located in water scarcity areas across the world,to develop and utilize international rivers in an equitable and reasonable manner and to carry out international cooperation.A necessary guarantee means is to develop and implement legal instruments regarding international river management.In practice,effective and careful measures should be taken to avoid severe flow changes caused by dam.In sum,taking into account the interests and concerns of the riparian countries and strengthening the cooperation across international river basins are the development trend in the world.
中文关键词	幼发拉底河-底格里斯河 ; 国际河流 ; 水资源开发 ; 国际水纠纷
英文关键词	Euphrates-Tigris Rivers International rivers Water resources development International water dispute
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
WOS研究方向	International Relations
CSCD记录号	CSCD:3822223
来源机构	中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/226100
作者单位	1.河海大学商学院, 南京, 江苏 210098, 中国; 2.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	胡文俊,杨建基,黄河清. 西亚两河流域水资源开发引起国际纠纷的经验教训及启示[J]. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,2010,32(1):19-27.
APA	胡文俊,杨建基,&黄河清.(2010).西亚两河流域水资源开发引起国际纠纷的经验教训及启示.资源科学,32(1),19-27.
MLA	胡文俊,et al."西亚两河流域水资源开发引起国际纠纷的经验教训及启示".资源科学 32.1(2010):19-27.