干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 民勤绿洲耕作土壤养分时空变异特征及其影响因素

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	民勤绿洲耕作土壤养分时空变异特征及其影响因素
其他题名	Temporal-spatial Characteristics and Impact Factors in Soil Nutrients of Arable Soil in Minqin Oasis
	吕晓东 1; 马忠明 2; 杨虎德 2
来源期刊	干旱区研究
ISSN	1001-4675
出版年	2010
卷号	27 期号:4 页码:487-493
中文摘要	参照1980年土壤普查样点布设图, 利用GPS定位, 2006年采集民勤绿洲耕地土样209个, 应用传统统计学、地统计学和ArcGIS的空间分析模块, 对民勤绿洲25年来土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾的时空变异特征及其影响因素进行了分析. 结果表明: 与1980年土壤普查结果比较, 2006年土壤有机质、速效氮和速效磷含量平均分别增加了12%, 4%和230%, 而速效钾均值下降了26%; 除有机质变异系数增加4%外, 其余养分均表现为下降, 且速效磷变异程度高于其他养分; 1980-2006年各土壤养分块金值/基台值增加明显, 在一定范围内空间相关性减弱, 表明由随机部分引起的空间变异逐渐高于由自相关部分引起的空间变异. 速效氮、速效磷在北偏东-南偏西方向均呈现出较强的向异性, 前者主要受土壤类型影响, 后者主要受石灰性土壤固磷作用的影响. 土壤养分含量西南(昌宁、环河灌区)-东北(泉山、湖区)呈降低趋势, 绿洲中部(坝区)呈增加趋势, 表明土壤养分空间分布变化的过程主要是从西南-东北方向向中心递增, 不同灌区化肥投入、种植结构的差异是引起这种空间分布特点的主要因素.
英文摘要	Minqin oasis in the lower reach of Shiyang River Basin, is located at the interface between Tengger and Badain Jaran desert. There, the climate is extremely arid, the natural condition is extremely poor, and the ecological environment is very vulnerable. In recent years, water resource becomes the key driving factor of ecological environment evolution. The natural vegetation has been seriously destroyed, and the ecosystems of the oasis are seriously threatened by desertification. The soil quality and quantity in cultivated lands are obviously affected. In this process, human activities play a key role in affecting the soil quality and quantity. Scientific management of soil nutrients and rational fertilizer application are of strategic importance in sustainability of oasis agriculture. Soil nutrients change both in spatial range and temporal scale. Geostatistcs has been an important tool for spatial analysis in recent years, it has been applied in many fields of natural science, such as geography, ecology, soil science and so on. The objectives of this study are to understand the characteristics of temporal and spatial variations in soil nutrients in Minqin oasis and the influencing factors. Based on the sampling map of soil investigation in 1980, we used GPS to locate sampling sites and collected 209 samples in 2006. Soil organic matter (SOM), available N (AN), available P (AP) and available K (AK) were measured. The spatial pattern of the data was analyzed by using traditional descriptive statistic, geostatistics and spatial analysis model of ArcGIS. The results are as follows: (Ⅰ) The contents of SOM, AN and AP in Minqin Oasis increased by 12%, 4% and 230% from 1980 to 2006, whereas, that of AK decreased by 26% dramatically. The change was in consistent with the fertilization structure, excess application of N and less application of K fertilization in this region ; (Ⅱ) Compared with 1980, the CV value for soil AN, AP and AK was decreased except SOM, however, the CV value of soil AP was much higher than that of SOM, AN and AK in 1980 and 2006. The weak transport of soil P and the different rate of P fertilizer application caused the greater variance of AP;(Ⅲ)Based on effect of intrinsic factors(soil formation factors such as soil parent materials, terrain and soil types) and extrinsic factors(soil formation factors such as fertilization),the soil SOM, AN, AP and AK were found to be moderate spatial dependence in 1980,the C0/C0+C of all soil nutrients increased in 2006, accordingly, spatial autocorrelations obviously weaken, which was mainly due to spatial variation caused by random gradually higher than auto-spatial dependence. It illuminated that the long history of soil management of field had weakened the spatial variability by the characteristics of the soil properties. But the anisotropic characteristics of AN and AP strongly emerge in north by east- south by west, which is mainly supposed to be associated with the soil types for AN and high phosphate fixation in calcareous soil for AP;(Ⅳ) The spatial distribution patterns of soil nutrient contents by Ordinary Kriging also demonstrates that in Minqin soil nutrients have significantly different spatial structure. Compared with 1980, soil nutrients decreased in southwest (Changning and Huanhe) and northeast (Quanshan and Huqu), however increased in the middle of Minqin oasis (Baqu) in 2006, which is due to the differences of fertilizers application and planting structures in different regions. Meanwhile it can be found a spatial changing process of soil nutrients increaseing gradually from the southwest-northeast to the center from 1980 to 2006. The study reveals the spatial pattern soil nutrients in Minqin due to complex natural and social variables and provides a scientific basis for the evaluation and sustainable management of soil fertility and arable soil resources.
中文关键词	土壤养分 ; 地统计学 ; 种植结构 ; 空间变异 ; 绿洲 ; 民勤
英文关键词	soil nutrients geostatistics planting structure spatial variation oasis Minqin
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRICULTURE MULTIDISCIPLINARY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:3919823
来源机构	中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/225073
作者单位	1.中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所, 兰州, 甘肃 730000, 中国; 2.甘肃省农科院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	吕晓东,马忠明,杨虎德. 民勤绿洲耕作土壤养分时空变异特征及其影响因素[J]. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,2010,27(4):487-493.
APA	吕晓东,马忠明,&杨虎德.(2010).民勤绿洲耕作土壤养分时空变异特征及其影响因素.干旱区研究,27(4),487-493.
MLA	吕晓东,et al."民勤绿洲耕作土壤养分时空变异特征及其影响因素".干旱区研究 27.4(2010):487-493.