干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 近30年来长江源头高寒草地生态系统退化的遥感分析以青海省治多县为例

Arid

	近30年来长江源头高寒草地生态系统退化的遥感分析以青海省治多县为例
其他题名	Alpine Grassland Degradation in the Source Region of Yangtze River in the Past 30 YearsZhidoi County as A Case Study
	黄麟; 刘纪远; 邵全琴
ISSN	1007-7588
出版年	2009
卷号	31 期号:5 页码:884-895
中文摘要	为了对长江源头高寒草地退化的时空过程规律取得全面客观的科学认识,本文利用20世纪70年代末、90年代初和2004年的陆地卫星遥感影像为信息源,结合气象数据、DEM、草地分布图及社会统计数据等辅助资料,以青海省治多县为例分析了近30年来长江源头的高寒草地生态系统退化的时空格局与过程及其驱动因素,从新的视角阐释高寒草地退化的过程与机理,为退化高寒草地的恢复、治理与区域可持续发展提供了科学依据.结果表明,研究区高寒草地生态系统的退化呈现自东南向西北,退化面积减少、退化程度降低、退化类型由复合型向单一型过渡的总体趋势.研究区东部是草地退化最严重的区域,主要表现为沿着原退化草地癍块的扩张,而西部即唐古拉山以北的广大地区由于下垫面起伏较低则以草地覆盖度的轻度下降退化为主.草地退化时间过程特征的总体趋势是持续退化、后期加剧,前后两个时段对比可以看出草地退化比重和程度皆呈逐渐加剧的趋势,退化面积比重净增9.86%.地形因素的影响分析亦发现,研究区高寒草地退化主要发生在海拔4500～4900m、坡度5～15°范围内的阴坡.研究区草地退化格局在20世纪70年代以前就已经形成,气候变化对高寒草地退化的影响是长期、缓慢的,而研究区人口和家畜数量变化的分析可以得出人类活动特别是过度放牧是草地退化发生的最重要诱因.
英文摘要	Alpine grassland in hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau is unique and the largest fragile ecosystem at the highest altitude in the world. It has degraded continuously and therefore attracted interests of scientists. It’s the important material base for the development of plateau husbandry and ecological protective screen for water conservation, biodiversity conservation and carbon fixation. However, the degradation of alpine grassland not only decreased animal husbandry economy, but also resulted in desertification, biodiversity loss, aggravated soil erosion and carbon losses. Having integrated the Landsat images in 1970s, 1990s and 2004, meteorological data, DEM, grassland distribution and social statistics data, we took Zhidoi County in Qinghai Province as the typical alpine grassland in the source region of Yangtze River to analysis the spatial-temporal pattern, processes and driver, and the degree and mechanism of degraded grassland in order to provide scientific basis for the recovery and management of alpine grassland and regional sustainable development. The results show that grassland degradation is presented by decreasing area, reducing degree and compound type to single type from the southeast to northwest of Zhidoi County. Such similar trend is also shown in the status and redistribution water and heat resources in this region. The eastern part of Zhidoi suffers the most serious degradation, and western part in northern Tanggula Mountain mainly suffers slight decrease in coverage due to minor underlying surface. The general trend of temporal process shows continuous degradation with further aggravation during the latter period. The proportion and degree also aggravate gradually with net increase of 9.86% form 1990s to 2004 compared with the period of 1970s to 1990s. Despite of the obvious warming and drying trend since 1960s, climate change has affected the grassland chronically and slowly. We found that the degradation patterns of grassland was formed before 1970s and aggravated since 1990s, due to the intra-annual distribution of precipitation especially in growing seasons. It was also realized that human activities, especially overgrazing, appeared to be the primary cause of grassland degradation based on the analysis of population and livestock. The shady slope in the altitude ranging from 4500 to 4900m and slope of 5%～15° appeared to be the main degraded region, where 39.21% degradation located in the slope of 5%～15° and 43.55% in shady slope. Degradation aggravated as altitude goes higher but it turns to decrease when the altitude is above 4900m.
中文关键词	长江源头 ; 高寒草地生态系统 ; 草地退化 ; 遥感分析
英文关键词	The Source Region of Yangtze River Alpine Grassland Grassland Degradation Remote Sensing Analysis
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology
CSCD记录号	CSCD:3520328
来源机构	中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/224638
作者单位	中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	黄麟,刘纪远,邵全琴. 近30年来长江源头高寒草地生态系统退化的遥感分析以青海省治多县为例[J]. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,2009,31(5):884-895.
APA	黄麟,刘纪远,&邵全琴.(2009).近30年来长江源头高寒草地生态系统退化的遥感分析以青海省治多县为例.,31(5),884-895.
MLA	黄麟,et al."近30年来长江源头高寒草地生态系统退化的遥感分析以青海省治多县为例".31.5(2009):884-895.