干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 民勤绿洲生态重建目标下土地利用和农业结构调整的政策选择

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	民勤绿洲生态重建目标下土地利用和农业结构调整的政策选择
其他题名	Farmers’ land use decision and policy choices for ecological restoration under constraints of water resources in oasis region of China
	石敏俊; 陶卫春; 赵学涛
ISSN	1000-6060
出版年	2009
卷号	32 期号:2 页码:274-280
中文摘要	水资源过度利用引起的土地退化日益威胁着绿洲地区的经济社会可持续发展.为恢复绿洲生态环境,压缩农业用水势在必行.然而压缩用水后如何保障农民收入成为实现可持续发展的关键问题之一.应用Bio-economic模型,定量模拟了压缩农业用水后农户对土地利用和农业结构调整、推广节水技术、增加非农就业机会等政策措施的行为响应.结果显示,压缩农业用水后农民收入将下降到压缩前的53%;调整农业结构、推广闸管灌等节水灌溉技术和增加非农就业机会,可以在不同程度上缓解压缩农业用水造成的农民收入损失.不同区域农户响应行为有所差异,应因地制宜地采取配套措施.劳动力相对紧张、人均收入较高的泉山区,可提供一次性补贴鼓励闸管灌的采用;人多地少、集约化程度较高的坝区,应在加强推广闸管灌技术的同时,增加非农就业机会;生态脆弱的湖区,政策重点应放在劳动力转移上.上述措施最终只能使农民收入恢复到压缩用水前的75%,因此应该考虑给农民提供生态补偿,并积极探索增加农民收入的新途径.
英文摘要	Land degradation and desertification due to excessive water use has become a severe problem in arid and semi-arid areas. It is urgently needed to reduce agricultural water use and save water resource for ecological restoration. However, reduction in water allocation to agricultural activities will cause a decrease in agricuhural production. It has been recognized that extension of water-saving irrigation and off-farm employment are important to alleviate shortage of water resource. This paper focuses upon farmers’ land use decision under the constraint of water resource in the oasis regions, and provides an insight into the policy by simulating the impacts of different policy choices on income while water allocation reduced for ecological restoration, based on a case study of Minqn Oasis in the Shiyang River Basin of China and apply of the bio-economic household model. The results indicate that reduction of water allocation will cause decrease in household income. Farmers will turn to produce more cash crops ineluding cotton, vegetables and fruits. Adjustment of cropping system, water-saving technologies and off-farm oppor-tunity would reduce such negative impacts. If the cropping system is adjusted according to the maximizing object of net income, the loss in income would be reduced by 15%. After that, such loss would be reduced by 3% via extending of water-saving technology. Moreover, the difference of resource endowment between the zones would bring difference effects of the measures. We can conclude by discussing about these differences that: (1) at Quanshan District, due to less labor surplus, the subsidy of pipe irrigation invest may provide for household and stimulate the extension of water-saving technology. (2) at Baqu District, with more surplus labors and better ecological system,we propagandize and induce the water-saving technology, especially the pipe irrigation, and pay attention to the creation of off-farm opportunity. (3) at Huqu District, due to the degraded ecological system and more surplus labors, the off-farm opportunity would be the most important measure, and then the water-saving technology should also be propagandized and induced.
中文关键词	生态重建 ; 节水技术补贴 ; 非农就业机会 ; 民勤绿洲 ; Bio-economic模型
英文关键词	Land use decision water allocation subsidy for water-saving technology off-farm opportunity Minqin Oasis bio-economie model
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	ECONOMICS
WOS研究方向	Business & Economics
CSCD记录号	CSCD:3583244
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/223544
作者单位	中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100049, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	石敏俊,陶卫春,赵学涛. 民勤绿洲生态重建目标下土地利用和农业结构调整的政策选择[J],2009,32(2):274-280.
APA	石敏俊,陶卫春,&赵学涛.(2009).民勤绿洲生态重建目标下土地利用和农业结构调整的政策选择.,32(2),274-280.
MLA	石敏俊,et al."民勤绿洲生态重建目标下土地利用和农业结构调整的政策选择".32.2(2009):274-280.