干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 近50年来塔里木河流域下游生态系统退化社会经济因素分析

Arid

	近50年来塔里木河流域下游生态系统退化社会经济因素分析
其他题名	Analysis of Socio-Economic Factors Related to Ecosystem Degradation in the Lower Reaches of the Tarim River in the Last 50 Years
	周孝明; 陈亚宁; 李卫红; 孟丽红
ISSN	1007-7588
出版年	2008
卷号	30 期号:9 页码:1389-1396
中文摘要	通过野外实地调查和相关资料分析研究发现,近50年来塔里木河下游地区经历了一个生态系统逐步退化的过程,主要表现为地表水文解体、地下水位下降、水质恶化、植被衰败、风沙灾害加剧等5个方面.分析指出,塔里木河下游地区的环境恶化已经给当地人民的生产生活带来了灾难,影响了社会经济的可持续发展.借助有关统计资料和实地调研资料,对流域社会经济发展水平、产业结构、区域资源分配与下游地区来水量减少、生态退化之间的关系进行了分析探讨,发现塔里木河流域区域之间水资源分配不均和流域内社会经济发展水平低下、产业结构不合理是导致流域下游地区水资源紧张、生态退化的根源.最后,从系统的观点和人文的角度出发对流域社会经济发展、水资源利用、生态环境建设之间的相互作用机理机制做了探讨.
英文摘要	The lower reaches of the Tarim River are famous for their strategic position and prominent ecological problems.Based on field surveys and statistical analysis,this paper describes ecosystem degradation in the lower reaches of the Tarim River according to five aspects:surface water resource shortage,decline of water table,deterioration of water quality,decline of vegetation and sandstorm disasters.We also describe the way that ecosystem degeneration brought disaster to the local people.For example,people had to abandon more than 1.1610~4 hm~2 of farmland in the 1990s because of desertification and drought.Furthermore,it threatens ecosystem security and sustainable development in the upper and middle reaches of the Tarim River.Much research has been done on ecosystem restoration in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.Most of it focused on changes in hydrology and methods of vegetation regeneration.However,it is very important to study the ecosystem degradation using systematic methods to identify the human mechanisms of desertification.With statistical data on population,economy,society and water resource usage for all of the Tarim River basin,we studied the mechanisms interrelating socio-economic development,water resource usage and environmental construction,and identified the essential reasons for water resource tensions and ecosystem degeneration.In the Tarim River Basin,more than 65% of water resources were used for farming,and more than 50% of this water was lost through evaporation in channels and reservoirs.The human population near the Akesu river,Yarkant river and Hetian river increased from about 13010~4 in the 1950s to 40510~4 in 2005,however,the production per water unit did not increase accordingly,so farmland increased about 9110~4 hm~2 in the last 50 years.Because of low-efficiency water resource usage and the agriculture-oriented economy,almost all of the water was used for agriculture.The average runoff in the headstream of the Tarim River in the last 50 years was about 18310~8 m~3,and it increased slightly in the 1990s.However water resources in the lower-reaches of the Tarim River decreased annually over the last 50 years.The average runoff in Qiala was less than 1.510~8 m~3 for the last 5 years.Too much water was consumed in the upper and middle reaches of the Tarim River,causing desertification in the lower reaches.
中文关键词	塔里木河下游 ; 生态系统退化 ; 社会经济发展 ; 资源分配 ; 人文机制
英文关键词	Tarim River ecosystem degradation regional socio-economic development resource allocation human mechanism
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology
CSCD记录号	CSCD:3359331
来源机构	中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/223238
作者单位	中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 绿洲生态与荒漠环境重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐, 新疆 830011, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	周孝明,陈亚宁,李卫红,等. 近50年来塔里木河流域下游生态系统退化社会经济因素分析[J]. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,2008,30(9):1389-1396.
APA	周孝明,陈亚宁,李卫红,&孟丽红.(2008).近50年来塔里木河流域下游生态系统退化社会经济因素分析.,30(9),1389-1396.
MLA	周孝明,et al."近50年来塔里木河流域下游生态系统退化社会经济因素分析".30.9(2008):1389-1396.