干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 分布式融雪径流模型的设计及应用

Arid

	分布式融雪径流模型的设计及应用
其他题名	Design and Application of Distributed Snowmelt-Runoff Model
	裴欢 1; 房世峰 2; 刘志辉 2; 覃志豪 1
ISSN	1007-7588
出版年	2008
卷号	30 期号:3 页码:454-459
中文摘要	融雪径流模型的研究对洪、旱灾害的监测与预报，对水文水资源的管理都具有重要的实用价值。本丈设计和构建了一个基于3S技术和DEM技术的分布式融雪径流模型，整个分布式融雪模型的计算基于能量平衡和水量平衡，由分布式栅格融雪过程到分布式橱格产流，最后是基于GIS的橱格汇流过程。融雪以及产汇流过程全部基于橱格尺度，全面实现了模型的分布式特性并具有严格的物理机制。文中提出了单元时段的重要概念，从而得到了度分融雪模型，为水文时间尺度转换难题的解决提供了新的思路；针对融雪过程中颇为复杂的冻融反复性难题提出了旨在解释积雪冻融反复性物理机制的冻融系数的重要概念，对于准确把握融雪过程的物理机制具有重要意义。另外，开发了B／S与C／S相结合的分布式融雪径流模拟系统，利用获取的大量实测、遥感以及气象等资料，基于橱格尺度全面实现了模型的算法，完成了对融雪径流的可视化、可控性模拟。最后。对典型研究区新疆军塘湖流域2006年春季融雪期（2006年3月6日11：002006年3月10日11：00的洪水过程进行了模拟．模拟结果精度较高。平均相对误差在0．18以下，达到了融雪洪水预警预报的业务需求。
英文摘要	Modeling snowmelt runoff is important for monitoring and forecasting disaster of flood and drought as well as water resource management. In Xinjiang, a typical inland arid ecosystem in western China, snowmeh water is the most important freshwater resource. Accurately simulating snowmelt runoff can provide useful information for water resource management in the arid ecosystem. In this paper, we intend to design and develop a distributed snowmeh-runoff model based on ＂3S＂ and digital elevation model （DEM）. The distributed snowmeh-runoff model is based on energy balance and water quantity balance, and consists of three parts： grid snowmelt model, grid runoff yield model and grid catchments model. Snowmelt-runoff process is based on grid scale, so the model is with distributing character and has strict physical mechanism. An important concept of ＂Unit-time＂ was put forward and snowmelt-runoff model was developed in the paper. The model resolved the conversion. We also brought forward another important concept difficulties of hydrology in timescale of ＂Freezing and Melting Coefficient,＂ which is used to explain the snow freezing and melting repetitive physical mechanism and has geat significance to exactly explore the snowmeh process. Besides, we developed snowmeh runoff stimulating system combined with B/S and C/S, and used a great deal of remote sensing data, weather data and hydrology data, based on grid scale, to realize the arithmetic of the model. At last, this distributed snowmeh runoff model was applied to stimulate the runoff in the snowmelt period in spring from 11 AM, March 6, 2006 to 11 AM, March 10, 2006 in the typical study area, Juntanghu river basin. Validation of this model with real measuring data resulted in an average relative error under 0.18. It indicates that the model is able to realize the simulation of the snowmeh process and it can meet the need of flood forecast.
中文关键词	3S技术 ; 分布式融雪径流模型 ; 单元时段 ; 冻融系数 ; 融雪径流模拟系统
英文关键词	＂3S＂ technology Distributed snowmeh runoff model Unit time period Freezing and melting Coefficient Snowmelt runoff stimulation system
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	GEOSCIENCES MULTIDISCIPLINARY
WOS研究方向	Geology
CSCD记录号	CSCD:3226222
来源机构	新疆大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/223229
作者单位	1.南京大学国际地球系统科学研究所, 南京, 江苏 210093, 中国; 2.新疆大学资源与环境科学学院, 乌鲁木齐, 新疆 830046, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	裴欢,房世峰,刘志辉,等. 分布式融雪径流模型的设计及应用[J]. 新疆大学,2008,30(3):454-459.
APA	裴欢,房世峰,刘志辉,&覃志豪.(2008).分布式融雪径流模型的设计及应用.,30(3),454-459.
MLA	裴欢,et al."分布式融雪径流模型的设计及应用".30.3(2008):454-459.