干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 黑河流域气候变化的水文水资源效应

Arid

	黑河流域气候变化的水文水资源效应
其他题名	Hydrological and Water Resources Effects under Climate Change in Heihe River Basin
	张凯 1; 王润元 1; 韩海涛 2; 王小平 1; 司建华3
ISSN	1007-7588
出版年	2007
卷号	29 期号:1 页码:77-83
中文摘要	利用4个典型气象站近50年的气温降水资料，分析了黑河流域的气候变化特征。在近50年当中。黑河流域的气候发生了显著的变化，主要表现在气温的升高和降雨量的增加。黑河流域气温的升高十分显著，其升温率远远大于同期北半球的平均升温率，尤其是近几年来增温幅度之大是几十年来所罕见的；降水量的增加虽然没有气温增加那么明显，但总的趋势是增加的。在此基础上，进一步分析了黑河流域气候变化对区域水文水资源的影响，主要表现在：①气候变暖造成了上游山区冰川的不断萎缩和雪线的持续升高，尤其是最近两年间，冰川为较大的负平衡，出现强烈亏损；②由于黑河上游山区夏季降水量的增加和冬春季气温的升高，黑河流域各出山口流量近60年来是趋于增加的，尤以莺落峡水文站最为显著；③在走廊平原区．温度上升造成农业消耗水量的增加，温度每上升l℃，可使水资源消耗量增加2．979*10~8m~3/年左右；④变暖也造成了河湖水质的不断恶化。黑河和下游湖泊水体的矿化度遥年升高。
英文摘要	Heihe River Basin （37°45′- 42°40′N ,96°42-′ 102°04′E）, located in the middle of Qilianshan Mountain and Hexi corridor, is one of the largest inland river basins in the northwest arid land. It is arid with little rainfall and high evaporation in the Heihe River Basin. Oasis agriculture is the main activity based on irrigation. Because of climate change, population and fast economic development, the regional water environment has changed obviously, the water resource is decreasing nowadays, and the ecological environment is increasingly worsening in the Heihe River Basin. Therefore, it is very urgent to study the hydrology and the water resource problems in the environmental changes. This paper analyzed the climatic change characteristics of the Heihe River Basin using the temperature and the precipitation data in the last 50 years of 4 typical meteorological stations- During the last 50 years, the climate of the Heihe River Basin changed significantly; the temperature and the rainfall increased. Especially, the rate of temperature rise is much higher than the average level of the Northern Hemisphere. The annual mean temperature increased by 0.7℃- 1.2℃ in the Heihe River Basin from 1960s to 1990s. The increase of precipitation was not so obvious, but still had an increasing trend; and the precipitation increased by 12. 81% from 1960s to 1990s. On the basis of the analysis above, the impacts of climate change on the hydrology and the water resources in the Heihe River Basin were studied. The results show： 1） Climate change has led to the glacier shrinkage and the rising of the snow line. In the past years, the glacier has been characterized by strong negative mass balance. The observation shows that the mass balance of the Qiyi Glacier in the Qilianshan Mountain was -810 mm in 2001/2002 and -316 mm in 2002/2003; 2）Because of the precipitation increase in summer and the climate change in winter, the annual mean discharge at the mountain-pass stations of the Heihe River Basin was increasing in the past 60 years; 3）The temperature rising resulted in the increase of agricultural water consumption in the plain region of the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin. On an average, water consumption increases by 2.979 * 10~8m~3/a with 1℃ rise in temperature; 4）Climate change led to lakes and the rivers continuously. The mineralization degree the deterioration of the water quality of the of the Heihe River and lake at the low reaches of the Heihe River Basin increased every year.
中文关键词	气候变化 ; 气温 ; 降水 ; 水文水资源效应 ; 黑河流域
英文关键词	Climate change Temperature Precipitation Hydrological and water resources effects Heihe River Basin
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	GEOSCIENCES MULTIDISCIPLINARY
WOS研究方向	Geology
CSCD记录号	CSCD:2739678
来源机构	中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 ; 兰州大学 ; 中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/221905
作者单位	1.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所, 甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室, 兰州, 甘肃 730020, 中国; 2.甘肃省气象局兰州大学联合数据实验室, 兰州, 甘肃 730020, 中国; 3.中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所, 兰州, 甘肃 730000, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	张凯,王润元,韩海涛,等. 黑河流域气候变化的水文水资源效应[J]. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院, 兰州大学, 中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,2007,29(1):77-83.
APA	张凯,王润元,韩海涛,王小平,&司建华.(2007).黑河流域气候变化的水文水资源效应.,29(1),77-83.
MLA	张凯,et al."黑河流域气候变化的水文水资源效应".29.1(2007):77-83.