干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 河流冲积沉积沙地风蚀规律及植被防风蚀效应以北京市永定河沙地为例

Arid

	河流冲积沉积沙地风蚀规律及植被防风蚀效应以北京市永定河沙地为例
其他题名	Surface sand-laden wind movement on fluvial aggradations sandy land and use of vegetation in controlling sand-laden wind erosion in Yongding River of Beijing, China
	岳德鹏 1; 刘永兵 2; 王计平 1; 王冬梅 3; 徐伟 1; 黄月艳 4
ISSN	1000-0933
出版年	2006
卷号	26 期号:9 页码:2948-2956
中文摘要	在河流冲积沉积沙地永定河沙地演变研究的基础上，选择耕地、荒草地、流动沙地、防护林带、片林、果园等永定河沙地典型的土地利用类型，通过定位实验观测与数学定量分析，进行沙地地表风沙活动与植被阻滞风沙规律研究。研究结果认为：近地层风速随高度分布服从对数分布；下垫面性质导致对应的摩阻速率大小不同；不同利用类型下垫面对应的起沙风速明显不同；0～20cm高度范围内各层的输沙率百分含量随着高度的增加而减少，两者呈负指数函数；输沙率与风速呈正指数关系；由于植被类型结构不同，导致植被的防风、阻滞风沙效益在空间位置的不同；积沙形态随林分结构呈现不同的分布规律.
英文摘要	Wind erosion, which occurs in arid, semiarid and sub-humid areas, is a critical process in land desertification and soil degradation and causes a global environmental problem. Sand-laden wind is particularly an ecological, environment problem faced in Beijing and surrounding regions. Previous studies report the processes and mechanisms of wind erosion, such as sand moving characteristics, sand-laden wind blowing and impacts of wind erosion; contributing factors of wind erosion; blowing mode and pattern of sand-laden wind; the profiles of blown field and blown sand flux, soil erodibility, variation in sand-transporting ratio, and the mechanism of sand-preventing engineering.Based on a previous study of evolution of fluvial aggradations sand, Yongding River sand land, we chose typical land-use types: field land, barren grasslands, drifting sand land, forest belt, pear orchard and patch forest, in which experiments were undertaken. Following close observations at selected sites and quantitative analysis, we studied the surface sand-laden wind movement and the possible measurements to control sand-laden wind by vegetation and plantation. The scenarios include: ① Observation of sand-laden wind blow at 020 cm of height; ② Observation of wind velocity gradients at different altitudes: 2.0 m, 1.5 m, 1.0 m, 0.5 m, and 0.2 m; ③ Observation of roughness at different ground covers; ④ Analysis of sand particle sizes at depths of 010 cm; ⑤ Evaluation of wind-breaking efficiency using different types of artificial vegetation; ⑥ Analysis of eefficiency of preventing sand movement using different types of artificial vegetation. Results of sand-laden wind movement experiments on different land uses showed that wind velocity of near-surface layer increased with altitudes, with the near ground wind velocity and altitude following the logarithm distribution. There were significant differences in friction velocities and thresholds of the wind speed in different land use types. A negative exponential relation existed between the sediment discharge percent and the altitudes (ranging from 020 cm). There was a significant exponential relation between sediment transport concentration and wind velocity.Experiments of wind breaking and sand preventing using artificial vegetation indicated that: ① Patch forest was the most effective when it is about 110 H from windward side, with a protective ratio of 22.0%; pear orchard was the most effective in 17 H from windward side, with a protective ratio of 68.8%; and forest belt was the most effective in 120 H from leeward side, with a protective ratio of 32.0%. ② The order of the three types of artificial vegetation on sand prevention was forest belt < patch forest < pear orchard. ③ Differences in compositions of vegetation led to the varying effectiveness of wind control and sand prevention using artificial vegetation associated with spatial structures and disparate distribution patterns of accumulated sand geometry. Further study will consider the possible mechanisms of wind erosion of heterogeneous landscapes and interactions with a range of contributing factors that have not been examined.
中文关键词	河流冲积沉积沙地 ; 永定河沙地 ; 风沙活动 ; 人工植被 ; 阻滞规律
英文关键词	fluvial aggradations sand sand-laden wind movement artificial vegetation mechanisms of prevention and control
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	ECOLOGY ; AGRICULTURE MULTIDISCIPLINARY ; FORESTRY
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Agriculture ; Forestry
CSCD记录号	CSCD:2442978
来源机构	北京林业大学 ; 北京师范大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/220046
作者单位	1.北京林业大学, 省部共建森林资源培育与保护教育部重点实验室, 北京 100083, 中国; 2.北京师范大学资源学院, 环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室, 北京 100875, 中国; 3.北京林业大学水土保持学院; 4.北京林业大学研究生院, 北京 100083, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	岳德鹏,刘永兵,王计平,等. 河流冲积沉积沙地风蚀规律及植被防风蚀效应以北京市永定河沙地为例[J]. 北京林业大学, 北京师范大学,2006,26(9):2948-2956.
APA	岳德鹏,刘永兵,王计平,王冬梅,徐伟,&黄月艳.(2006).河流冲积沉积沙地风蚀规律及植被防风蚀效应以北京市永定河沙地为例.,26(9),2948-2956.
MLA	岳德鹏,et al."河流冲积沉积沙地风蚀规律及植被防风蚀效应以北京市永定河沙地为例".26.9(2006):2948-2956.