干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 青藏高原多期次隆升的环境效应

Arid

	青藏高原多期次隆升的环境效应
其他题名	Multi-stage uplifts of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and their environmental effects
	葛肖虹 1; 任收麦 2; 马立祥 3; 吴光大 4; 刘永江 1; 袁四化 1
ISSN	1005-2321
出版年	2006
卷号	13 期号:6 页码:118-130
中文摘要	青藏高原隆升对中国西部环境变迁起着决定性影响.通过对柴达木、吐鲁番-哈密、塔里木盆地的演化及其与青藏高原隆升的耦合研究,以柴达木盆地为时空坐标,认为高原隆升可分为三大阶段:(1)古近纪期间青藏高原隆升仅限于冈底斯山一带.当时,受行星纬向气候带控制,中国西北地区为干旱亚热带草原和热带雨林环境,大面积准平原化、泛盆地化,在构造上处于伸展-夷平的拉张环境,与现今亚洲大陆东部相似;(2)青藏高原整体的初次隆升发生在中新世早-中期(23～11.7 Ma).因青藏高原和大兴安岭的阻隔,古近纪的纬向气候带逐渐转变为中亚季候风,古黄土(22 Ma)、三趾马动物群的发育,说明高原北缘当时为干旱的荒漠草原环境.同时,这次隆升引起中-晚中新世中国西部广袤地域古地形-构造面貌的变化;(3)形成现今高原面貌的末次快速隆升发生在0.9～0.8 Ma.早更新世晚期,印度洋快速扩张,印度板块向中亚大陆脉冲式(A型)陆内俯冲,使得高原快速挤压隆升.这次隆升不仅使高原本身的环境骤变,出现第四纪以来最大的冰川,形成世界上最大的高寒草原,而且引起了全球气候的变化,促使北极圈冰盖的形成.同时,高原隆升使高原内部和周边出现强烈的挤压构造变形,如柴达木、河西走廊、塔里木、吐鲁番-哈密、准噶尔等诸盆地内几万米厚度中-新生界的构造变形与昆仑山、祁连山、天山、阿尔泰山的挤出式双向推覆隆升,形成了中国西北的盆-山地貌.现今,随着青藏高原的持续隆升,高寒草原开始退化,造成中国西北地区大面积的荒漠化,成为制约我国西部生态环境的重要因素.
英文摘要	Environmental changes in western China can be primarily attributed to the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Studies of tectonic evolution of the Qaidam Basin, the Tu-Ha Basin, and the Tarim Basin and their re?sponse to uplift movements, suggest that the rising of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau can be subdivided into three stages. Firstly, the plateau only existed along the Gongdese Mountains during the Paleogene, while western China whs subsequently located in the latitude-direction climatic belts, most of which experienced peneplain conditions with extensive lacustrine and pan-basin deposits because of extension in the hinterland, similar to the present tectonic conditions of the East Asian Continent. Secondly, the initial uplift of the plateau occurred in the Early to Middle Miocene (23-11. 7 Ma), which formed the framework of the topography and structure of western China. Due to the presence of the newly uplifted plateau and the Great Hinggan Mountains, the Pa?leogene climate of Central Asia changed to the monsoon belts. The paleo-loess was formed at about 22 Ma and the Hipparion fauna appeared in this period, and a desertification environment existed in the northern part of the plateau, Finally, the latest strong uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and adjacent mountains occurred at the end of the Early Pleistocene (0. 9-0. 8 Ma). This resulted from A-type intra-continental subduetion of the Indian Plate beneath the Asian continent, representing the last phase of the Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic compres?sions! tectonics. This uplift not only led to profound climatic changes in the plateau, which resulted in the most extensive glaciation and the widest cold prairie grassland in the Quaternary, but also to a global climate change, that may have influenced the glacial cover in the Arctic Circle. Meanwhile, because of this plateau up?lift dynamics, the basin-mountain topography of western China was formed with the strongest tectonic deform?ation in the inner plateau and adjacent regions, including the deformation of the Qaidam Basin, the Hexi Corri-dor. and the two-way extrusion of the Kunlun Mountains, the Qilian Mountains, the Tianshan and Altai Mountains. Present day, uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, has caused the high and cold grassland to disappear and the large scale desertification of western China.
中文关键词	青藏高原 ; 隆升 ; 古近纪 ; 中新世 ; 早更新世末 ; 环境变迁
英文关键词	Qinghai-Tibet Plateau uplift Paleogene Miocene the end of the Early Pleistocene environmental changes
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	GEOLOGY
WOS研究方向	Geology
CSCD记录号	CSCD:2624730
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/219569
作者单位	1.吉林大学,地球科学学院, 长春, 吉林 130061, 中国; 2.国土资源部,油气资源战略研究中心, 北京 100034, 中国; 3.(武汉)中国地质大学资源学院, 武汉, 湖北 430074, 中国; 4.中国石油,青海油田分公司,勘探开发研究院, 敦煌, 甘肃 736202, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	葛肖虹,任收麦,马立祥,等. 青藏高原多期次隆升的环境效应[J],2006,13(6):118-130.
APA	葛肖虹,任收麦,马立祥,吴光大,刘永江,&袁四化.(2006).青藏高原多期次隆升的环境效应.,13(6),118-130.
MLA	葛肖虹,et al."青藏高原多期次隆升的环境效应".13.6(2006):118-130.