Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 甘肃秦王川灌区苜蓿草地土壤水盐动态及其生态灌溉调控模式 | |
| 其他题名 | Research on the Soil Water and Salt Dynamics of the Purple Medic Grasslandand the Mode of an Optimal Ecological Irrigation Control in theQinwangchuan Irrigated Regions, Gansu Province |
| 成自勇1; 张自和2 | |
| ISSN | 1007-0435 |
| 出版年 | 2006 |
| 卷号 | 14期号:3页码:295-297 |
| 中文摘要 | 以"生态灌溉"的思路研究秦王川干旱灌区苜蓿草地土壤水盐运移规律及其生态灌溉调控模式；苜蓿在水盐等逆境胁迫下的生理生态特征、生育阶段水分生产函数及生态灌溉制度；应用系统工程方法对灌区苜蓿(Medicago sativa)种植结构及经济效益进行优化配置；构建灌溉水-光合作用-生物产量转化效益及土壤水盐-牧草作物-灌区生态系统协调优化的生态灌溉体系。 |
| 英文摘要 | Based on the concept of ecological irrigation, we studied the physiological influence of soil water and salt dynamics on the purple medic grassland of the Qinwangchuan Irrigation Region and patterned a mode of ecological irrigation control in the region, in consideration of the grassland soil water and salt stress, and the ecological and economical irrigation quota for the harvest of purple medic during its early anthesis. The present paper presents an optimal ecological irrigation system in the arid region that saves water and achieves economic efficiency, a harmonic ecological irrigation system insures irrigation water-photosynthesis-yield in pasturage irrigation>and an innovative harmonious water and salt-grass-ecosystem.The results show that seed germination rate was reduced sharply when soil salinity reached 0. 279%. And it almost stopped when the salinity went up to 0. 428%. Along with the rising of the soil salinity during the plant bearing period, growth of the aboveground biomass of the purple medic was stunted more obviously than that of the underground part, while the water use efficiency weakened. Under the joint water-and-salt stress, the conductivity in different soil depths and the soil moisture content changed reversely after irrigation. Suitable concentration of sodium salt and of magnesium salt could increase the proline content of purple medic, while chlorine ion could balk at the synthesis of amino acid. The condition of 8 g/L and 15 g/L of NaCl, NaHCO3and MgSO4showed that high salt strength corresponds to high protein, which became one of the basic theories of ecological irrigation to achieve an ideal quality through limited regulated irrigation in the purple medic vegetative stage. The conductivity showed a quite obvious partition function characteristic under different soil temperature gradients. There was a positive linear correlation between the soil conductivity and temperature in various soil temperatures.The results also indicate that there was a positive linear correlation between the leaf area index and plant height. The compensation effect of root moisture-absorption under water stress was obviously bigger than the control, though the root moisture absorption rate was slowed down by water stress. The results of the filed experiment showed that there was a relation between purple medic dry matter and local meteorological factor; relative humidity exercised the most important influence on the dry matter yield.In the aspect of response of purple medic to photosynthesis and eco-physiology, there was a positive correlation between photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate. The research also showed that the increase of soil water stress could improve the ratio of photosynthetic rate divided by transpiration rate (WUE). High concentration of NaCl impeded the transpiration under serious water stress (45%~ 50% FC). The measurements of the water potential gradient of SPAC(soil plant atmosphere continuum)showed that each part of water potential decreased from root to stem and leaf, with the ratio being 1-2. 5:6 and the elevated ratio being 1 : 5. 5 ! 9 after irrigation.Penman-Monteith formula was applied to calculate the actual soil moisture and the amount of irrigation and rainfall. The intrinsic relations among the result of the ecological water, the rule of water consumption, the water biological characteristics, and the biological yield during different growing periods of purple medic under the gradient of moisture stress were analyzed and obtained.The optimum regulation and controlling system were studied and the idea of ecological irrigation was posed. The study showed that the Blank’s and Jensen’s crop water production models were efficient. The Blank model was much more suitable to the harvest of purple medic during early anthesis. Furthermore, the economical irrigation system was consistent with the way of dynamic programming in the early anthesis stage. And soil moisture should be maintained at least at 6O%~65% of field capacity.Water use efficiency of perennial purple medic was increased under low-grade water stress for the first three cuttings in a year. The output value of per-stere water irrigating the purple medic was RMB 0. 595 Y/m2 higher than the same amount of water for wheat, and RMB 0. 585 Y/m2higher than that irrigating the hroad bean. In the Qinwangchuan Irrigation Region, the optimal planting area ratio under water control among grain, economic crop, and forage is 1 = 0. 43 ’ 0. 45, with the optimal planting area of 1. 223 hm2 for purple medic.Due to the sensitivity of the growing-stage purple medic to insufficient water and of its vegetative stage to nutrition, we adjusted the appropriate ratio of water and salt for irrigation so as to achieve the maximum water use efficiency and to obtain an optimal yield. Restricted by the given eco-system and limited water resources, we combined the ecological diversified farming with the reassuring purple medic yield through scientific distribution of water resources and optimal irrigation system of purple medic to achieve the theory of "ecological irrigation". |
| 中文关键词 | 秦王川灌区 ; 苜蓿 ; 土壤水盐动态 ; 光合生理生态 ; 水分生产函数 ; 生态灌溉调控 |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 收录类别 | CSCD |
| WOS类目 | BIOLOGY ; MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES |
| WOS研究方向 | Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics ; Science & Technology - Other Topics |
| CSCD记录号 | CSCD:2422563 |
| 来源机构 | 兰州大学 ; 甘肃农业大学 |
| 资源类型 | 期刊论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/219459 |
| 作者单位 | 1.甘肃农业大学, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国; 2.兰州大学, 农业部草地农业生态系统学重点开放实验室, 兰州, 甘肃 730020, 中国 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 成自勇,张自和. 甘肃秦王川灌区苜蓿草地土壤水盐动态及其生态灌溉调控模式[J]. 兰州大学, 甘肃农业大学,2006,14(3):295-297. |
| APA | 成自勇,&张自和.(2006).甘肃秦王川灌区苜蓿草地土壤水盐动态及其生态灌溉调控模式.,14(3),295-297. |
| MLA | 成自勇,et al."甘肃秦王川灌区苜蓿草地土壤水盐动态及其生态灌溉调控模式".14.3(2006):295-297. |
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