干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Springs, palm groves, and the record of early hominins in Africa

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DOI	10.1016/j.revpalbo.2019.03.004
	Springs, palm groves, and the record of early hominins in Africa
	Barboni, Doris 1; Ashley, Gail M.2; Bourel, Benjamin 1; Arraiz, Hector 1,3; Mazur, Jean-Charles 1
通讯作者	Barboni, Doris
来源期刊	REVIEW OF PALAEOBOTANY AND PALYNOLOGY
ISSN	0034-6667
EISSN	1879-0615
出版年	2019
卷号	266 页码:23-41
英文摘要	Hominins evolved in Africa during a period of overall regional cooling, drying, and increasingly variable climate. Despite prevailing regional aridity since the mid-Miocene, data show that early hominins Sahelanthropus tchadensis, Orrorin tugenensis, and Ardipithecus ramidus lived in environments made of mosaics of grasslands, mixed grasslands, woodlands, and forests, where wooded habitats were maintained by edaphic rather than regional (climatic) humidity. Groundwater systems (springs, seeps, shallow aquifers) and surface water (rivers, lakes), locally create wetter and more wooded environments in addition to that supported by precipitation alone. However, edaphically sustained woodlands are rare to missing in most published paleoeclogical interpretations of hominin archeological sites. To explore the importance of groundwater to the record of hominins in Africa, we provide newly acquired field data from spring sites in the Awash Valley, Ethiopia, and Lake Eyasi-Lake Manyara region, Tanzania, and re-evaluate published data from the Ardipithecus-bearing Aramis Member, Ethiopia. Results show that (1) in arid Eastern Africa, a wide variety of microhabitats such as groundwater-fed wetlands, Hyphaene palm woodlands, Phoenix reclinata palm woodlands, and structurally complex and species-rich forest patches exist due to local variability of geologic, topographic, and hydrologic conditions. (2) These microhabitats carry some characteristic pollen and phytolith signals, that may be easily masked by the signal of surrounding grass-dominated shrublands and grasslands. (3) The Aramis Member (Awash Valley, Ethiopia), which is to date, the best documented paleo-groundwater ecosystem, is not a riparian habitat. It is one of >50 examples (within 22 geographically distinct areas) in Africa and the Middle East where evidence of groundwater systems co-exist with hominin and/or archeological remains. Springs are commonly localized features of limited area within a landscape, but provide ecological continuity through time and diverse microhabitats, some of which may be densely forested. At the local scale, springs create microclimates, distinctive vegetation, and increase soil nutrients, species richness, structural complexity, and provide habitat for animals. At the landscape scale, they represent hydro-refugia favoring increased connectivity among animals and allowing migrations during dry periods. We conclude that in the East African Rift where low, highly seasonal rainfall and high evaporative demand limit vegetation growth in many areas, groundwater-fed zones create diverse microhabitats and play a major role in ecosystem functioning. It is likely that, within a context of increasing aridity and expansion of grass-dominated open habitats during the Mio-Pliocene, early hominins and many other animals viewed edaphically sustained woodlands as attractive habitats. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Hominin Paleoenvironment Ardipithecus Pliocene Groundwater Hydro-refugia
类型	Review
语种	英语
国家	France ; USA ; Spain
开放获取类型	Green Submitted, Bronze
收录类别	SCI-E ; SSCI
WOS记录号	WOS:000472127500003
WOS关键词	MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE LACUSTRINE ; FRESH-WATER BIODIVERSITY ; LAKE VICTORIA BASIN ; LOWERMOST-BED-II ; OLDUVAI-GORGE ; HOMO-ERECTUS ; FLK NORTH ; PALEOENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT ; POPULATION-DYNAMICS ; BRIEF COMMUNICATION
WOS类目	Plant Sciences ; Paleontology
WOS研究方向	Plant Sciences ; Paleontology
来源机构	French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/218472
作者单位	1.Aix Marseille Univ, CEREGE, CNRS, IRD,Coll France,INRA, Technopole Arbois Mediterranee,BP80, F-13545 Aix En Provence 4, France; 2.Rutgers State Univ, Earth & Planetary Sci, 610 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA; 3.Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Prehist, Ciudad Univ S-N, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Barboni, Doris,Ashley, Gail M.,Bourel, Benjamin,et al. Springs, palm groves, and the record of early hominins in Africa[J]. French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development,2019,266:23-41.
APA	Barboni, Doris,Ashley, Gail M.,Bourel, Benjamin,Arraiz, Hector,&Mazur, Jean-Charles.(2019).Springs, palm groves, and the record of early hominins in Africa.REVIEW OF PALAEOBOTANY AND PALYNOLOGY,266,23-41.
MLA	Barboni, Doris,et al."Springs, palm groves, and the record of early hominins in Africa".REVIEW OF PALAEOBOTANY AND PALYNOLOGY 266(2019):23-41.