干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Multimineral Fingerprinting of Transhimalayan and Himalayan Sources of Indus-Derived Thal Desert Sand (Central Pakistan)

Arid

DOI	10.3390/min9080457
	Multimineral Fingerprinting of Transhimalayan and Himalayan Sources of Indus-Derived Thal Desert Sand (Central Pakistan)
	Liang, Wendong; Garzanti, Eduardo; Ando, Sergio; Gentile, Paolo; Resentini, Alberto
通讯作者	Liang, Wendong ; Garzanti, Eduardo
来源期刊	MINERALS
EISSN	2075-163X
出版年	2019
卷号	9 期号:8
英文摘要	As a Quaternary repository of wind-reworked Indus River sand at the entry point in the Himalayan foreland basin, the Thal Desert in northern Pakistan stores mineralogical information useful to trace erosion patterns across the western Himalayan syntaxis and the adjacent orogenic segments that fed detritus into the Indus delta and huge deep-sea fan throughout the Neogene. Provenance analysis of Thal Desert sand was carried out by applying optical and semi-automated Raman spectroscopy on heavy-mineral suites of four eolian and 11 fluvial sand samples collected in selected tributaries draining one specific tectonic domain each in the upper Indus catchment. In each sample, the different types of amphibole, garnet, epidote and pyroxene grains-the four dominant heavy-mineral species in orogenic sediment worldwide-were characterized by SEM-EDS spectroscopy. The chemical composition of 4249 grains was thus determined. Heavy-mineral concentration, the relative proportion of heavy-mineral species, and their minerochemical fingerprints indicate that the Kohistan arc has played the principal role as a source, especially of pyroxene and epidote. Within the western Himalayan syntaxis undergoing rapid exhumation, the Southern Karakorum belt drained by the Hispar River and the Nanga Parbat massif were revealed as important sources of garnet, amphibole, and possibly epidote. Sediment supply from the Greater Himalaya, Lesser Himalaya, and Subhimalaya is dominant only for Punjab tributaries that join the Indus River downstream and do not contribute sand to the Thal Desert. The detailed compositional fingerprint of Thal Desert sand, if contrasted with that of lower course tributaries exclusively draining the Himalaya, provides a semi-actualistic key to be used, in conjunction with complementary provenance datasets and geological information, to reconstruct changes in paleodrainage and unravel the relationship between climatic and tectonic forces that controlled the erosional evolution of the western Himalayan-Karakorum orogen in space and time.
英文关键词	amphibole garnet epidote pyroxene provenance tracers varietal studies mineral chemistry semi-automated Raman counting Ladakh-Kohistan arcs Himalaya Nanga Parbat Karakorum Indus river
类型	Article
语种	英语
国家	Italy
开放获取类型	gold, Green Submitted
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:000482981400021
WOS关键词	KARAKORAM METAMORPHIC COMPLEX ; GRAIN-SIZE DEPENDENCE ; INDIA-ASIA COLLISION ; FORELAND-BASIN ; NANGA-PARBAT ; TECTONIC EVOLUTION ; WESTERN HIMALAYA ; TRACE-ELEMENT ; RIVER SYSTEM ; ISOTOPE VARIABILITY
WOS类目	Geochemistry & Geophysics ; Mineralogy ; Mining & Mineral Processing
WOS研究方向	Geochemistry & Geophysics ; Mineralogy ; Mining & Mineral Processing
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/217627
作者单位	Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Lab Provenance Studies, Piazza Sci 4, I-20126 Milan, Italy
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Liang, Wendong,Garzanti, Eduardo,Ando, Sergio,et al. Multimineral Fingerprinting of Transhimalayan and Himalayan Sources of Indus-Derived Thal Desert Sand (Central Pakistan)[J],2019,9(8).
APA	Liang, Wendong,Garzanti, Eduardo,Ando, Sergio,Gentile, Paolo,&Resentini, Alberto.(2019).Multimineral Fingerprinting of Transhimalayan and Himalayan Sources of Indus-Derived Thal Desert Sand (Central Pakistan).MINERALS,9(8).
MLA	Liang, Wendong,et al."Multimineral Fingerprinting of Transhimalayan and Himalayan Sources of Indus-Derived Thal Desert Sand (Central Pakistan)".MINERALS 9.8(2019).