干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Enrichment of potentially toxic elements in the fine fraction of soils from Iraq and Kuwait

Arid

DOI	10.1007/s11368-019-02286-7
	Enrichment of potentially toxic elements in the fine fraction of soils from Iraq and Kuwait
	Smith, Joseph P.1; Brabander, Daniel J.2; Panek, Louis A.1; Besancon, James R.2
通讯作者	Smith, Joseph P.
来源期刊	JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS
ISSN	1439-0108
EISSN	1614-7480
出版年	2019
卷号	19 期号:10 页码:3545-3563
英文摘要	Purpose The fine fraction of soils in arid and semi-arid regions can be readily suspended into the atmosphere by winds and transported long distances, carrying potentially toxic elements (PTEs) associated with these source materials. In this study, environmentally available PTE loadings for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn were measured in the fine fraction (< 75 mu m) of 19 bulk soil samples collected in 2007 from 4 sites in Iraq and 15 sites in Kuwait. Materials and methods Soil samples were mechanically sieved and particle size distribution in the fine fraction was measured using laser diffraction particle sizing. Major and minor element composition was determined in the soil fine fraction using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Sub-samples were digested using strong acids and analyzed using high-resolution inductively coupled mass spectrometry to assess the maximum environmental availability of PTEs in each fine fraction of each soil sample. Measured environmentally available PTE loadings were normalized to soluble iron to allow for an assessment of soil contamination at and between sites that included weathering effects and was more focused on the mobile fraction of the total PTE load. Physiologically based fluid extractions were also performed on select samples to assess potential bioavailability of PTEs through ingestion and inhalation. Results and discussion Results show significant PTE loadings and anthropogenic contamination in the fine fraction of soils from Iraq and Kuwait. All sites showed moderate-to-high Ni contamination but loadings and contamination levels for all PTEs varied among sites in Iraq and Kuwait as a function of weathering, local geology, and inputs from non-local and/or anthropogenic sources. PTE contamination tended to be higher in the fine fraction of soil collected at the sites in Iraq, and the lowest overall PTE loadings were found at sites in northern Kuwait where the mean measured particle diameter was largest. Potential bioavailability of PTEs via inhalation was generally low (< 10% of loading) but a significant portion of the PTE load for As, Cu, and Pb (and V and Zn at select sites) was available via ingestion. Conclusions The fine fraction of soils collected from Iraq and Kuwait in this study had significant environmentally available PTE contamination. Sites from Lower Mesopotamia in Iraq were the most impacted. PTE loadings and contamination were strongly influenced by local-scale weathering and geology, proximity to urban PTE sources, and inputs from non-local and/or anthropogenic sources. Sites with a smaller mean particle diameter had the greatest levels of PTE contamination. Potential bioavailability of PTEs was generally low.
英文关键词	Arid soils Clays Geochemistry Metals Potentially toxic elements
类型	Article
语种	英语
国家	USA
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:000485945000011
WOS关键词	DUST FALLOUT CHARACTERISTICS ; MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION ; TRACE-ELEMENTS ; SOURCE REGIONS ; HEAVY-METALS ; DESERT DUST ; URBAN SOILS ; SURFACE ; SEDIMENTS ; GEOMORPHOLOGY
WOS类目	Environmental Sciences ; Soil Science
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Agriculture
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/217329
作者单位	1.US Naval Acad, Dept Oceanog, Div Math & Sci, 572C Holloway Rd, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA; 2.Wellesley Coll, Dept Geosci, Wellesley, MA 02481 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Smith, Joseph P.,Brabander, Daniel J.,Panek, Louis A.,et al. Enrichment of potentially toxic elements in the fine fraction of soils from Iraq and Kuwait[J],2019,19(10):3545-3563.
APA	Smith, Joseph P.,Brabander, Daniel J.,Panek, Louis A.,&Besancon, James R..(2019).Enrichment of potentially toxic elements in the fine fraction of soils from Iraq and Kuwait.JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS,19(10),3545-3563.
MLA	Smith, Joseph P.,et al."Enrichment of potentially toxic elements in the fine fraction of soils from Iraq and Kuwait".JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS 19.10(2019):3545-3563.