干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Variability in the organization and size of hunter-gatherer groups: Foragers do not live in small-scale societies

Arid

DOI	10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.03.005
	Variability in the organization and size of hunter-gatherer groups: Foragers do not live in small-scale societies
	Bird, Douglas W.1; Bird, Rebecca Bliege 1; Codding, Brian F.2; Zeanah, David W.3
通讯作者	Bird, Douglas W.
来源期刊	JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION
ISSN	0047-2484
出版年	2019
卷号	131 页码:96-108
英文摘要	Mobile hunter-gatherers are often characterized as living in small communities where mobility and group size are products of the environmentally determined distribution of resources, and where social organization is multi-scalar: groups of co-residents are nested within small communities that are, in turn, nested within small-scale societies. Such organization is often assumed to be reflective of the human past, emerging as human cognition and communication evolved through earlier fission-fusion social processes, typical of many primate social systems. We review the history of this assumption in light of recent empirical data of co-residence and social networks among contemporary hunter gatherers. We suggest that while residential and foraging groups are often small, there is little evidence that these groups are drawn from small communities nested within small-scale societies. Most mobile hunter-gatherers live in groups dominated by links between non-relatives, where residential group membership is fluid and supports large-scale social networks of interaction. We investigate these dynamics with fine-grained observational data on Martu foraging groups and social organization in Australia's Western Desert. The composition of Martu foraging groups is distinct from that of residential groups, although both are dominated by ties between individuals who have no close biological relationships. The number of individuals in a foraging group varies with habitat quality, but in a dynamic way, as group size is shaped by ecological legacies of land use. The flexible size and composition of foraging groups link individuals across their estates: spatially explicit storehouses of ritual and relational wealth, inherited across generations through maintaining expansive networks of social interaction in a large and complex society. We propose that human cognition is tied to development of such expansive social relationships and co-evolved with dynamic socio-ecological interactions expressed in large-scale networks of relational wealth. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
英文关键词	Foraging groups Social organization Indigenous Australia Social brain hypothesis
类型	Article
语种	英语
国家	USA
收录类别	SCI-E ; SSCI
WOS记录号	WOS:000472706300008
WOS关键词	FISSION-FUSION DYNAMICS ; HUMAN-EVOLUTION ; WEALTH TRANSMISSION ; PLIO-PLEISTOCENE ; OLDUVAI-GORGE ; ETHNOARCHAEOLOGY ; PYRODIVERSITY ; INEQUALITY ; HOMINIDS ; SYSTEMS
WOS类目	Anthropology ; Evolutionary Biology
WOS研究方向	Anthropology ; Evolutionary Biology
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/217114
作者单位	1.Penn State Univ, Dept Anthropol, 410 Carpenter Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA; 2.Univ Utah, Dept Anthropol, 260 Cent Campus Dr,Orson Spencer Hall, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA; 3.Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Anthropol, 6000 J St, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Bird, Douglas W.,Bird, Rebecca Bliege,Codding, Brian F.,et al. Variability in the organization and size of hunter-gatherer groups: Foragers do not live in small-scale societies[J],2019,131:96-108.
APA	Bird, Douglas W.,Bird, Rebecca Bliege,Codding, Brian F.,&Zeanah, David W..(2019).Variability in the organization and size of hunter-gatherer groups: Foragers do not live in small-scale societies.JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION,131,96-108.
MLA	Bird, Douglas W.,et al."Variability in the organization and size of hunter-gatherer groups: Foragers do not live in small-scale societies".JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION 131(2019):96-108.