干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Constraints, multiple stressors, and stratified adaptation: Pastoralist livelihood vulnerability in a semi-arid wildlife conservation context in Central Kenya

Arid

DOI	10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.11.013
	Constraints, multiple stressors, and stratified adaptation: Pastoralist livelihood vulnerability in a semi-arid wildlife conservation context in Central Kenya
	Unks, Ryan R.1,2,6; King, Elizabeth G.1,2,3; Nelson, Donald R.2,4; Wachira, Naiputari P.5; German, Laura A.2,4
通讯作者	Unks, Ryan R.
来源期刊	GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS
ISSN	0959-3780
EISSN	1872-9495
出版年	2019
卷号	54 页码:124-134
英文摘要	The focus of this study is on how changes in formal and informal institutions have differential impacts across populations in terms of vulnerability of livelihoods to drought, and the unequal processes that shape adaptation to new conditions. Drought vulnerability occurs as a result of exposure and sensitivity to interrelated economic, social, political, and ecological dynamics. There is a need for approaches that can evaluate how the ability to reduce these exposures and sensitivities becomes socially stratified. Building on our understanding of institutional and biophysical constraints in one pastoralist group ranch, we use an approach that draws on quantitative and qualitative data to combine analyses of entitlements, access, and adaptive capacity. We asked how, in a context of changing herding institutions, the ability to adapt to drought and other stressors, is differentiated among actors. We found that herders with higher livestock wealth are more likely to have entitlement sets that include factors that enable access to secure cattle grazing on private wildlife conservation lands, and access to more distant areas with herds of sheep and cattle two key means of reducing exposure to drought vulnerability, leading to greater coping ability during drought. Those with lower livestock wealth rely disproportionately on illicit, precarious access to external grazing resources. Higher livestock wealth families experienced disproportionately lower sensitivity to drought with smaller losses of cattle, and likely have decreased sensitivity to drought-related market fluctuations, while others are primarily reliant on small stock and/or precarious access pathways. However, rather than naturalize this differential ability as merely increased adaptive capacity for some that are better able to adapt to novel, local conditions, we argue this instead reflects the unequal footing that households find themselves on, in a shifting institutional landscape of structural and relational access constraints and reconfigurations of reciprocity, that are intertwined with interventions by state and non-state actors.
英文关键词	Pastoralism Vulnerability Adaptive capacity Multiple stressors Entitlements Access
类型	Article
语种	英语
国家	USA ; Kenya ; France
开放获取类型	Bronze
收录类别	SCI-E ; SSCI
WOS记录号	WOS:000458468400013
WOS关键词	CLIMATE-CHANGE ; ADAPTIVE CAPACITY ; RESILIENCE ; FRAMEWORK ; PROPERTY ; EXPOSURE ; DROUGHT ; AFRICA ; MAASAI ; RISK
WOS类目	Environmental Sciences ; Environmental Studies ; Geography
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Geography
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/216105
作者单位	1.Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, 180 E Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA; 2.Univ Georgia, Ctr Integrat Conservat Res, 321 Hunter Holmes Bldg,101 Herty Dr, Athens, GA 30602 USA; 3.Univ Georgia, Odom Sch Ecol, 140 E Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA; 4.Univ Georgia, Dept Anthropol, 255 Baldwin Hall, Athens, GA USA; 5.Koija Grp Ranch, Laikipia Dist, Kenya; 6.Univ Lumiere Lyon 2, Dept Geog, UFR Temps & Terr, 5 Ave Pierre Mendes France, F-69676 Bron, France
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Unks, Ryan R.,King, Elizabeth G.,Nelson, Donald R.,et al. Constraints, multiple stressors, and stratified adaptation: Pastoralist livelihood vulnerability in a semi-arid wildlife conservation context in Central Kenya[J],2019,54:124-134.
APA	Unks, Ryan R.,King, Elizabeth G.,Nelson, Donald R.,Wachira, Naiputari P.,&German, Laura A..(2019).Constraints, multiple stressors, and stratified adaptation: Pastoralist livelihood vulnerability in a semi-arid wildlife conservation context in Central Kenya.GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS,54,124-134.
MLA	Unks, Ryan R.,et al."Constraints, multiple stressors, and stratified adaptation: Pastoralist livelihood vulnerability in a semi-arid wildlife conservation context in Central Kenya".GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS 54(2019):124-134.