干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Microscopic and tomographic studies for interpreting the genesis of desert varnish and the vesicular horizon of desert soils in Mongolia and the USA

Arid

DOI	10.18268/BSGM2019v71n1a3
	Microscopic and tomographic studies for interpreting the genesis of desert varnish and the vesicular horizon of desert soils in Mongolia and the USA
	Lebedeva, Marina P.1,2; Golovanov, Dmitry L.1,3; Shishkov, Vasily A.2; Ivanov, Andrey L.1; Abrosimov, Konstantin N.1
通讯作者	Lebedeva, Marina P.
来源期刊	BOLETIN DE LA SOCIEDAD GEOLOGICA MEXICANA
ISSN	1405-3322
出版年	2019
卷号	71 期号:1 页码:21-42
英文摘要	The composition and microfabric of the Av diagnostic surface horizon (crust) and desert varnish of soils formed on various parent materials covering ancient alluvial fans in extremely arid deserts of Central Asia (Trans-Altai Gobi, Mongolia) and North America (Mojave, USA) are analysed. Application of a wide range of methods-morphological and micromorphological descriptions, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis and microtomography, together with traditional physicochemical methods-has shown that desert varnish retains the same composition and relative contents of elements (Fe/Ti and Mn/Ba) independently from the initial composition of parent materials and geographical location of the studied regions. The absolute dominance of isolated closed (vesicular) pores, identified by micromorphology and confirmed by microtomography, can account for specific hydrophysical properties of the crust horizon; that is, low water-holding capacity and permeability. We explain both phenomena of desert pedogenesis-light-coloured crust horizon and dark-coloured desert varnish-the burst of microbiological activity and physicochemical processes after rare but heavy showers during the hot season. The development of iron-depleted zones around pores is considered the evidence of that phenomenon. Consequently, we propose that Mn2+ undergoes mobilization within the crust horizon, followed by its upward migration with capillary and film moisture flows, against the gravity gradient to the surface of desert pavement with its subsequent fixation at the oxygen barrier. The processes of sulphate reduction are indirectly confirmed by the mobilization of Ba2+, which is immobile in the presence of sulphates. These elements (Mn and Ba) accumulate within the lower part of two-layer films. These films are located in microcavities on the upper sides of rock fragments of desert pavements in the studied regions. Films on lower sides of rock fragments and the upper part of those two-layered films are enriched in Fe and Ti, and therefore acquire reddish-brownish colours. Despite its transitory character, the process, which we suggest to call 'cryptosolodization', includes five stages: (1) Fe, Mn and sulphate reduction with mobilization of Ba2+ from BaSO4, (2) precipitation of FeS and migration of Ba2+ and Mn2+ to the stone surface, (3) coprecipitation of Ba and Mn at a combined oxygen-sorption barrier, (4) oxidation of S2- to SO42- with mobilization of Ti2+ from TiO2 and (5) oxidation of Ti2+ and Fe2+ and their coprecipitation in the form of oxides/hydroxides TiO2 and Fe(OH)(3).
英文关键词	desert soils micromorphology pedogenesis mechanisms of development of desert varnish
类型	Article ; Proceedings Paper
语种	英语
国家	Russia
开放获取类型	gold
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:000455704700004
WOS关键词	EXTREMELY ARID SOILS ; CIMA-VOLCANIC-FIELD ; ROCK-VARNISH ; OXIDE MINERALOGY ; MANGANESE-OXIDE ; SURFACE CRUSTS ; MICROFABRICS ; PEDOGENESIS ; PAVEMENTS ; DRYLANDS
WOS类目	Geology
WOS研究方向	Geology
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/214715
作者单位	1.Russian Acad Sci, Dokuchaev Soil Sci Inst, Pyzhevskiy Pereulok 7, Moscow 119017, Russia; 2.Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geog, Staromonetnyj Pereulok 29, Moscow 119017, Russia; 3.Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Leninskie Gory 1,Off 2007, Moscow 119991, Russia
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Lebedeva, Marina P.,Golovanov, Dmitry L.,Shishkov, Vasily A.,et al. Microscopic and tomographic studies for interpreting the genesis of desert varnish and the vesicular horizon of desert soils in Mongolia and the USA[J],2019,71(1):21-42.
APA	Lebedeva, Marina P.,Golovanov, Dmitry L.,Shishkov, Vasily A.,Ivanov, Andrey L.,&Abrosimov, Konstantin N..(2019).Microscopic and tomographic studies for interpreting the genesis of desert varnish and the vesicular horizon of desert soils in Mongolia and the USA.BOLETIN DE LA SOCIEDAD GEOLOGICA MEXICANA,71(1),21-42.
MLA	Lebedeva, Marina P.,et al."Microscopic and tomographic studies for interpreting the genesis of desert varnish and the vesicular horizon of desert soils in Mongolia and the USA".BOLETIN DE LA SOCIEDAD GEOLOGICA MEXICANA 71.1(2019):21-42.