干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Climate-driven ecological stability as a globally shared cause of Late Quaternary megafaunal extinctions: the Plaids and Stripes Hypothesis

Arid

DOI	10.1111/brv.12456
	Climate-driven ecological stability as a globally shared cause of Late Quaternary megafaunal extinctions: the Plaids and Stripes Hypothesis
	Mann, Daniel H.1,2; Groves, Pamela 2; Gaglioti, Benjamin, V 3; Shapiro, Beth A.4
通讯作者	Mann, Daniel H.
来源期刊	BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
ISSN	1464-7931
EISSN	1469-185X
出版年	2019
卷号	94 期号:1 页码:328-352
英文摘要	Controversy persists about why so many large-bodied mammal species went extinct around the end of the last ice age. Resolving this is important for understanding extinction processes in general, for assessing the ecological roles of humans, and for conserving remaining megafaunal species, many of which are endangered today. Here we explore an integrative hypothesis that asserts that an underlying cause of Late Quaternary megafaunal extinctions was a fundamental shift in the spatio-temporal fabric of ecosystems worldwide. This shift was triggered by the loss of the millennial-scale climate fluctuations that were characteristic of the ice age but ceased approximately 11700 years ago on most continents. Under ice-age conditions, which prevailed for much of the preceding 2.6 Ma, these radical and rapid climate changes prevented many ecosystems from fully equilibrating with their contemporary climates. Instead of today's 'striped' world in which species' ranges have equilibrated with gradients of temperature, moisture, and seasonality, the ice-age world was a disequilibrial 'plaid' in which species' ranges shifted rapidly and repeatedly over time and space, rarely catching up with contemporary climate. In the transient ecosystems that resulted, certain physiological, anatomical, and ecological attributes shared by megafaunal species pre-adapted them for success. These traits included greater metabolic and locomotory efficiency, increased resistance to starvation, longer life spans, greater sensory ranges, and the ability to be nomadic or migratory. When the plaid world of the ice age ended, many of the advantages of being large were either lost or became disadvantages. For instance in a striped world, the low population densities and slow reproductive rates associated with large body size reduced the resiliency of megafaunal species to population bottlenecks. As the ice age ended, the downsides of being large in striped environments lowered the extinction thresholds of megafauna worldwide, which then increased the vulnerability of individual species to a variety of proximate threats they had previously tolerated, such as human predation, competition with other species, and habitat loss. For many megafaunal species, the plaid-to-stripes transition may have been near the base of a hierarchy of extinction causes whose relative importances varied geographically, temporally, and taxonomically.
英文关键词	extinction Late Quaternary megafauna climate change terrestrial mammals ecological disequilibrium allometry
类型	Article
语种	英语
国家	USA
开放获取类型	Green Published, hybrid
收录类别	SCI-E ; SSCI
WOS记录号	WOS:000456071400017
WOS关键词	AUSTRALIAN ARID ZONE ; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM ; LATE PLEISTOCENE ; HUMAN COLONIZATION ; HIGH-RESOLUTION ; BODY-SIZE ; VEGETATION DYNAMICS ; MAMMOTH-STEPPE ; NORTH-ATLANTIC ; ICE CORES
WOS类目	Biology
WOS研究方向	Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/214638
作者单位	1.Univ Alaska, Dept Geosci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; 2.Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA; 3.Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10027 USA; 4.Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Mann, Daniel H.,Groves, Pamela,Gaglioti, Benjamin, V,et al. Climate-driven ecological stability as a globally shared cause of Late Quaternary megafaunal extinctions: the Plaids and Stripes Hypothesis[J],2019,94(1):328-352.
APA	Mann, Daniel H.,Groves, Pamela,Gaglioti, Benjamin, V,&Shapiro, Beth A..(2019).Climate-driven ecological stability as a globally shared cause of Late Quaternary megafaunal extinctions: the Plaids and Stripes Hypothesis.BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS,94(1),328-352.
MLA	Mann, Daniel H.,et al."Climate-driven ecological stability as a globally shared cause of Late Quaternary megafaunal extinctions: the Plaids and Stripes Hypothesis".BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS 94.1(2019):328-352.