干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Optimizing the Production of Nursery-Based Biological Soil Crusts for Restoration of Arid Land Soils

Arid

DOI	10.1128/AEM.00735-19
	Optimizing the Production of Nursery-Based Biological Soil Crusts for Restoration of Arid Land Soils
	Bethany, Julie 1,2; Giraldo-Silva, Ana 1,2; Nelson, Corey 1,2; Barger, Nichole N.3; Garcia-Pichel, Ferran 1,2
通讯作者	Garcia-Pichel, Ferran
来源期刊	APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
ISSN	0099-2240
EISSN	1098-5336
出版年	2019
卷号	85 期号:15
英文摘要	Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are topsoil communities formed by cyanobacteria or other microbial primary producers and are typical of arid and semiarid environments. Biocrusts promote a range of ecosystem services, such as erosion resistance and soil fertility, but their degradation by often anthropogenic disturbance brings about the loss of these services. This has prompted interest in developing restoration techniques. One approach is to source biocrust remnants from the area of interest for scale-up cultivation in a microbial nursery that produces large quantities of high-quality inoculum for field deployment. However, growth dynamics and the ability to reuse the produced inoculum for continued production have not been assessed. To optimize production, we followed nursery growth dynamics of biocrusts from cold (Great Basin) and hot (Chihuahuan) deserts. Peak phototrophic biomass was attained between 3 and 7 weeks in cold desert biocrusts and at 12 weeks in those from hot deserts. We also reused the resultant biocrust inoculum to seed successive incubations, tracking both phototroph biomass and cyanobacterial community structure using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Hot desert biocrusts showed little to no viability upon reinoculation, while cold desert biocrusts continued to grow, but at the expense of progressive shifts in species composition. This leads us to discourage the reuse of nursery-grown inoculum. Surprisingly, growth was highly variable among replicates, and overall yields were low, a fact that we attribute to the demonstrable presence of virulent and stochastically distributed but hitherto unknown cyanobacterial pathogens. We provide recommendations to avoid pathogen incidence in the process. IMPORTANCE Biocrust communities provide important ecosystem services for arid land soils, such as soil surface stabilization promoting erosion resistance and contributing to overall soil fertility. Anthropogenic degradation to biocrust communities (through livestock grazing, agriculture, urban sprawl, and trampling) is common and significant, resulting in a loss of those ecosystem services. Losses impact both the health of the native ecosystem and the public health of local populations due to enhanced dust emissions. Because of this, approaches for biocrust restoration are being developed worldwide. Here, we present optimization of a nursery-based approach to scaling up the production of biocrust inoculum for field restoration with respect to temporal dynamics and reuse of biological materials. Unexpectedly, we also report on complex population dynamics, significant spatial variability, and lower than expected yields that we ascribe to the demonstrable presence of cyanobacterial pathogens, the spread of which may be enhanced by some of the nursery production standard practices.
英文关键词	16S rRNA biocrust biocrust restoration biological soil crust cyanobacteria degraded soils drylands erosion control restoration soil microbiome
类型	Article
语种	英语
国家	USA
开放获取类型	Green Published, hybrid
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:000478565000016
WOS关键词	TRAMPLING DISTURBANCE ; SUCCESSIONAL STAGES ; MICROBIAL BIOMASS ; SONORAN DESERT ; DIVERSITY ; RECOVERY ; VIRUSES ; RATES ; CYANOBACTERIA ; INOCULATION
WOS类目	Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology ; Microbiology
WOS研究方向	Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology ; Microbiology
来源机构	Arizona State University
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/214222
作者单位	1.Arizona State Univ, Biodesign Inst, Ctr Fundamental & Appl Microbi, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA; 2.Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA; 3.Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Bethany, Julie,Giraldo-Silva, Ana,Nelson, Corey,et al. Optimizing the Production of Nursery-Based Biological Soil Crusts for Restoration of Arid Land Soils[J]. Arizona State University,2019,85(15).
APA	Bethany, Julie,Giraldo-Silva, Ana,Nelson, Corey,Barger, Nichole N.,&Garcia-Pichel, Ferran.(2019).Optimizing the Production of Nursery-Based Biological Soil Crusts for Restoration of Arid Land Soils.APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY,85(15).
MLA	Bethany, Julie,et al."Optimizing the Production of Nursery-Based Biological Soil Crusts for Restoration of Arid Land Soils".APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY 85.15(2019).