干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): Mineral membrane of the surface : New sphere of the Earth

Arid

DOI	10.18654/1000-0569/2019.01.08
	Mineral membrane of the surface : New sphere of the Earth
	Lu AnHuai; Li Yan; Ding HongRui; Wang ChangQiu
通讯作者	Lu AnHuai
来源期刊	ACTA PETROLOGICA SINICA
ISSN	1000-0569
EISSN	2095-8927
出版年	2019
卷号	35 期号:1 页码:119-128
英文摘要	The terrestrial system on Earth surface is a very complicated open system, where the sunlight, air, water, organic acids, inorganic acids/salts, minerals and microorganisms are always closely interacting with each other. And these natural interactions still await further scientific investigations. Based on the cross-field research methods of environmental mineralogy, semiconducting physics and photoelectron-chemistry, this study revealed a ferromanganese mineral membrane widely developed on rock and soil surfaces and directly exposed under sunlight, in such various typical terrestrial environments as Gobi desert, karst regions and red soils areas. This mineral membrane is usually of several tens of nanometer to hundreds of micrometer in thickness. The fine structural characteristics of the Mn oxides in mineral membrane were investigated, and the prevalent existence of layered-type birnessite was proved. Besides, the rare earth element Ce was found to be structurally-correlated with birnessite in mineral membrane , which could promote its semiconducting function. The mineral membrane is always developed on the surface sides of rocks rather than the reverse sides, indicating a direct correspondence with sunlight exposure. As revealed by photoelectron-chemistry experiments, electrodes made of natural mineral membrane powders could generate remarkable photocurrents under illumination of visible light, whereas the rock substrates and quartz and feldspar minerals could barely achieve that. These results indicated the generation of photocurrent was mainly due to the Fe- and Mn-oxides. Further measurements showed the bandgap of main Fe- and Mn-oxides in mineral membrane are all below 2. 5eV, suggesting they are all visible light responsive semiconducting minerals. Based on the worldwide average solar irradiation intensity of 100mW/cm(2 )and the global distribution areas of mineral membrane , it was estimated that the energy mass of solar energy converted to biomass energy by mineral membrane could parallel with the global sugar production of the year 2017 (192 million tons). Last but not least, the ferromanganese mineral membrane not only spreads on land surface but also reaches out to the marine euphotic zones. Mineral membrane of the Earth surface functions as the fourth great layer section, named here new sphere of the Earth, following the earth' s core, mantle and crust, and as the critical zone promoting external-power geological processes under solar irradiation. We therefore proposed that the three main energy forms on Earth surface as photoelectrons from mineral membrane , solar photons and valence electrons of elements. The photoelectrons from mineral membrane can participate varieties of biogeochemical processes, and make a ubiquitous and profound impact on the matter cycling on planets' surface.
英文关键词	Mineral membrane Birnessite Element of Ce Mineral photoelectron New sphere
类型	Article
语种	中文
国家	Peoples R China
收录类别	SCI-E
WOS记录号	WOS:000456937400008
WOS关键词	ROCK-VARNISH FORMATION ; V-BEARING RUTILE ; OXIDE MINERALOGY ; MANGANESE-OXIDE ; PHOTO-REDUCTION ; DESERT VARNISH ; PHOTOSYNTHESIS ; PHOTOELECTRONS ; ENVIRONMENTS ; DEPOSITION
WOS类目	Geology
WOS研究方向	Geology
来源机构	北京大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/213857
作者单位	Peking Univ, Sch Earth & Space Sci, MOE Key Lab Orogen Belts & Crustal Evolut, Beijing Key Lab Mineral Environm Funct, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Lu AnHuai,Li Yan,Ding HongRui,et al. Mineral membrane of the surface : New sphere of the Earth[J]. 北京大学,2019,35(1):119-128.
APA	Lu AnHuai,Li Yan,Ding HongRui,&Wang ChangQiu.(2019).Mineral membrane of the surface : New sphere of the Earth.ACTA PETROLOGICA SINICA,35(1),119-128.
MLA	Lu AnHuai,et al."Mineral membrane of the surface : New sphere of the Earth".ACTA PETROLOGICA SINICA 35.1(2019):119-128.