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The objective of this research was to evaluate the agronomic performance of Italian zucchini as a function of phosphate fertilization. The experiments were carried at the Rafael Fernandes Experimental Farm, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoro, RN, Brazil, from August to November 2015 and from July to September 2016. The experimental design was randomized blocks in 2 x 5 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The treatments consisted of the combination of two cultivars (Caserta and Alicia) and five doses of phosphorus (0, 40, 78, 120 and 150 kg ha(-1) of P2O5). Phosphorus doses associated with the maximum marketable yields estimated were smaller for Alicia than for Caserta in the period from August to November 2015. In the period from July to September 2016, these estimated doses were higher for Alicia compared with Caserta. Alicia, regardless of crop season, was superior to Caserta. Zucchini cultivation from July to September of 2016 resulted in higher fruit yield in comparison to the period from August to November 2015.