Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
A REVIEW OF GROUNDWATER FLUORIDE CONTAMINATION IN PAKISTAN AND AN ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK OF FLUOROSIS | |
Rahman, Zia Ur1,2,3; Khan, Bushra1; Ahmad, Iqbal1; Mian, Ishaq Ahmad4; Saeed, Anwar5; Afaq, Amer6; Khan, Abdullah3; Smith, Pete7; Mian, Afaq Ahmad8 | |
通讯作者 | Khan, Bushra |
来源期刊 | FLUORIDE |
ISSN | 0015-4725 |
EISSN | 2253-4083 |
出版年 | 2018 |
卷号 | 51期号:2页码:171-181 |
英文摘要 | The fluoride ion (F) is an important anion and a major pollutant of groundwater, affecting millions of people around the globe. Groundwater contaminated with F is the main source of F exposure for the development of fluorosis in humans. Various natural and anthropogenic activities are responsible for the F contamination of groundwater sources. At concentrations greater than the permissible limits, F has adverse impacts on human health with various manifestations of fluorosis, especially in children. In Pakistan, the F content in groundwater sources varies considerably from the World Health Organization (WHO) and national standard value of 1.5 mg/L. In addition to the climatic conditions of an area, the factors controlling the F concentration in groundwater sources include the weathering and leaching of F-bearing minerals and rocks. F contamination of groundwater sources in Pakistan is widespread and is often intense with the highest mean concentration being 28.24 mg/L in the Chachro and Diplo sub-districts in Tharparkar. The lowest value was 0.29 mg/L in Peshawar. High mean values were found for the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and the Hazard Index (HI) [HI=EDIwater/RfD] in both children and adults (EDI: 0.406 mg and 0.098 F/kg bw/day; HI: 6.77 and 1.638, for children and adults, respectively). Children in Pakistan are at a higher risk than adults for developing fluorosis due to F contamination of ground water. The determination of the F status in all the drinking water sources in Pakistan is urgently required. |
英文关键词 | Contamination Estimated daily intake Fluoride Groundwater Health Hazard index Risk assessment |
类型 | Review |
语种 | 英语 |
国家 | Pakistan ; USA ; Scotland |
收录类别 | SCI-E |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000445812700008 |
WOS关键词 | DRINKING-WATER ; THAR DESERT ; UNDERGROUND WATER ; DENTAL FLUOROSIS ; SUB-DISTRICT ; CHILDREN ; REMOVAL ; HEALTH ; DEFLUORIDATION ; TECHNOLOGIES |
WOS类目 | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health ; Toxicology |
WOS研究方向 | Public, Environmental & Occupational Health ; Toxicology |
来源机构 | University of Arizona |
资源类型 | 期刊论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/209295 |
作者单位 | 1.Univ Peshawar, Dept Environm Sci, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; 2.Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA; 3.Univ Haripur, Dept Environm Sci, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; 4.Univ Agr Peshawar, Dept Soil & Environm Sci, Peshawar, Pakistan; 5.Univ Peshawar, Dept Geog, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; 6.Prov Disaster Management Author, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; 7.Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland; 8.Univ Agr Peshawar, Inst Biotechnol & Genet Engn, Peshawar, Pakistan |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Rahman, Zia Ur,Khan, Bushra,Ahmad, Iqbal,et al. A REVIEW OF GROUNDWATER FLUORIDE CONTAMINATION IN PAKISTAN AND AN ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK OF FLUOROSIS[J]. University of Arizona,2018,51(2):171-181. |
APA | Rahman, Zia Ur.,Khan, Bushra.,Ahmad, Iqbal.,Mian, Ishaq Ahmad.,Saeed, Anwar.,...&Mian, Afaq Ahmad.(2018).A REVIEW OF GROUNDWATER FLUORIDE CONTAMINATION IN PAKISTAN AND AN ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK OF FLUOROSIS.FLUORIDE,51(2),171-181. |
MLA | Rahman, Zia Ur,et al."A REVIEW OF GROUNDWATER FLUORIDE CONTAMINATION IN PAKISTAN AND AN ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK OF FLUOROSIS".FLUORIDE 51.2(2018):171-181. |
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