干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 旱地小麦不同栽培条件对土壤硝态氮残留的影响

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	旱地小麦不同栽培条件对土壤硝态氮残留的影响
其他题名	Effects of different wheat cultivation methods on residual nitrate nitrogen in soil in dryland
	高亚军 1; 李云 1; 李生秀 1; 强秦 2; 曹卫贤 2; 刘文国 2; 张建昌 2; 党占平 2; 刘金海 2
来源期刊	生态学报
ISSN	1000-0933
出版年	2005
卷号	25 期号:11 页码:2901-2910
中文摘要	在陕西渭北旱塬进行了2a田间试验，研究不同栽培模式、施氮量和小麦种植密度对旱地硝态氮残留的影响。结果表明，种植小麦2a后0-200cm土壤剖面中残留硝态氮58．6～283．9kg／hm^2，数量可观，短期内在渭北旱塬深厚的土壤中不会对地下水造成威胁，但夏季休闲期间容易下迁至作物无法吸收的土壤深度。与常规无覆盖模式相比，地膜覆盖和垄沟种植显著提高了作物对氮素的吸收，但同时也增加了土壤0～200cm的硝态氮残留，这与地膜覆盖导致有机氮矿化增加有关；秸秆覆盖对作物氮素吸收和硝态氮残留均没有明显影响。施氮量低于120kg／hm^2时，各种栽培模式土壤剖面残留硝态氮的分布差异较小，只有地膜覆盖和垄沟种植处理在土壤表层有少量硝态氮累积；施氮量为240kg／hm^2时，无覆盖和秸秆覆盖土壤60～120cm深度都有明显累积峰，地膜覆盖和垄沟种植土壤残留硝态氮则在60cm以上土层累积较多。小麦种植密度也影响了各种栽培模式土壤硝态氮及其分布特点。垄沟种植条件下，从土壤表层到200cm的深层，垄上土壤残留硝态氮均显著高于沟内土壤；上层差异最大，随着土壤深度的增加其差异逐渐降低；随着施氮量的增加，这种差异显著增大；随小麦种植密度的增加则显著降低。随着施氮量增加，小麦吸氮量和土壤中残留硝态氮量均显著提高；施氮增加的残留硝态氮占施氮量的0．3％～44．6％。垄沟种植模式施氮增加的残留硝态氮最多，地膜覆盖处理次之，垄沟种植处理垄上土壤增加量远远高于沟内土壤。施氮量提高1倍，增加的残留硝态氮量平均提高了3倍多。提高小麦种植密度，施氮增加的残留硝态氮平均减小13．2kg／hm^-2。由于种植密度增加显著提高了小麦对氮素的吸收，因此硝态氮残留有降低的趋势。其中，秸秆覆盖模式80～140cm土层降低显著；地膜覆盖条件下高密与低密残留硝态氮的差异主要在深层；垄沟模式中，低密度种植硝态氮残留量在整个土壤剖面都高于高密度处理；而无覆盖条件下，残留硝态氮则随种植密度的提高呈增加趋势。
英文摘要	A large amoun form of nitrate N. This decrease of N fertilizer irrigation, crop type, cr t of fertilizer N and the products of organic N mineralization accumulate in dryland soil profiles in the nitrate has potential of leaching even in semi-arid and semi-humid area in North China, resulting in the utilization efficiency and an increased risk of underground water pollution. Effects of fertilization, opping system and soil tillage on accumulation of nitrate N in soil have been reported. However, less effort has been focused on the effects of straw mulch, plastic film mulch, or a combination of straw mulch and plastic film mulch on residual nitrate N in rainfed areas. A field experiment was conducted for 2 years in Weibei Highland of Shaanxi province to investigate the effects of different cultivation methods on residual nitrate nitrogen in black loessial soil in winter wheat-fallow system. Four cultivation modules （no mulch-NM, straw mulch-SM, plastic film mulch-PFM and furrow planting-FP）, three nitrogen fertilizer rates （0-N0, 120-N120 and 240-N240, N kg/hm^2） and two wheat densities （180-low density and 225-high density, seed rate kg/hm^2） were studied. Furrow planting （FP） was the combination of plastic film mulch and straw mulch, with the ridge covered by plastic film, furrow covered by crop straw and wheat planted in furrows. It is a special cultivation module in semi-arid and semi-humid area of North China. Soils were sampled after wheat was harvested in the second year, followed by measurement of soil nitrate N. After 2 years cropping, 58.6 to 283.9 kg/hm^2 residual NO3^--N were found in 0-200 cm depth of soil. This nitrate could not be leached to underground water in a short time because of the thick layer of loessial soil and low precipitation （582 mm/a） in this area. However, they definitely could be leached below the maximum depth of crop uptake in loose black loessial soil during rainy season as well as fallow season. PFM and FP increased N uptake by wheat, compared to NM. Concurrently, they increased the aaccumulation of NO3^--N in 0-200cm soil layer because of accelerated mineralization of organic N under higher soil temperature and water content. SM had no significant impact on N uptake by wheat and residual NO3-N in soil.The distribution of residual nitrate N in soil profile among the four cultivation modules differed little when less than 120 kg/hm^2 N fertilizer was applied. In that case, only PFM and FP led to a small amount of nitrate N accumulation in the surface layer of soil. When 240 kg N/hm^2 was applied, there were peaks of nitrate N accumulation at the depth of 60- 120cm in soils of NM and SM while nitrate N accumulated in the upper layer（0-60cm） of soil of PFM and FP. Increased wheat density slightly reduced residual nitrate N likely due to the increase of N uptake by the higher density wheat seeding rate. FP caused a peculiar micro-landform in field and resulted in different horizontal distribution of nitrate N in soil. Residual nitrate N accumulated in the ridge of soil was significantly higher than that in the furrow throughout the profile. The difference of amount of nitrate N accumulation in soil between the ridge and the furrow reduced with increased soil depth, elevated significantly with increased N fertilizer application and decreased significantly with increased wheat density. Both N uptake by wheat and residual NO3^--N were increased with the increase of N fertilizer. Increase of residual nitrate N in the 0-200 cm profile caused by N fertilizer application （residual NO3^--N of N120 or N240 minus that of No） accounted for 0.3 %-44.6% of fertilizer N. FP had the highest increase of residual nitrate N caused by N fertilizer application, followed by PFM. That of ridge soil was much greater than that of furrow soil for FP. The increase of residual nitrate N of N240 was four times as much as with N120.
中文关键词	地膜覆盖 ; 垄沟种植 ; 秸秆覆盖 ; 施氮量 ; 小麦种植密度 ; 残留硝态氮 ; 旱地
英文关键词	plastic film mulch furrow planting straw mulch N fertilizer rate wheat density soil residual nitrate N dryland
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRICULTURE MULTIDISCIPLINARY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:2177821
来源机构	西北农林科技大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/206558
作者单位	1.西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 杨凌, 陕西 712100, 中国; 2.杨凌职业技术学院, 杨凌, 陕西 712100, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	高亚军,李云,李生秀,等. 旱地小麦不同栽培条件对土壤硝态氮残留的影响[J]. 西北农林科技大学,2005,25(11):2901-2910.
APA	高亚军.,李云.,李生秀.,强秦.,曹卫贤.,...&刘金海.(2005).旱地小麦不同栽培条件对土壤硝态氮残留的影响.生态学报,25(11),2901-2910.
MLA	高亚军,et al."旱地小麦不同栽培条件对土壤硝态氮残留的影响".生态学报 25.11(2005):2901-2910.