干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 不同保护性耕作措施对旱作农田土壤水分的影响

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	不同保护性耕作措施对旱作农田土壤水分的影响
其他题名	Effects of conservation tillage on soil water regimes in rainfed areas
	李玲玲 1; 黄高宝1 ; 张仁陟 2; 晋小军 1
来源期刊	生态学报
ISSN	1000-0933
出版年	2005
卷号	25 期号:9 页码:2326-2332
中文摘要	研究了黄土高原西部旱农区传统耕作措施和五种保护性耕作措施对土壤水分垂直分布、动态变化、作物耗水量、水分利用效率及作物产量的影响。结果表明，不同保护性耕作措施对表层0～10cm土壤水分含量影响较大，免耕秸秆覆盖（NTS）在作物播种期可以显著增加播种期表层土壤含水量。0～200cm土壤剖面贮水量年变化分春夏作物旺盛生长失墒期（5月中旬～7月中旬）、夏秋雨季增墒期（7月中旬～10月下旬）和冬春稳墒期（11月～翌年5月上旬）3个阶段。尽管不同保护性耕作措施对0～200cm剖面贮水量影响不大。但作物耗水量却存在显著差异。免耕秸秆覆盖在增加作物耗水量的同时也提高了作物产量以及水分利用效率。地膜覆盖在有些年份也有利于降水的高效利用和作物产量的提高，但与秸秆覆盖相比不利于土壤肥力的持续提高。而且，如果种植小麦，出苗前若一次性降水较多时地膜覆盖将造成严重板结，影响出苗。进而降低产量和水分利用效率。因此，在黄土高原西部旱农区实施免耕＋秸秆覆盖的保护性耕作措施，既有利于作物对有限降水的高效利用，提高作物产量，也可以促进农业可持续发展。
英文摘要	Low and extremely variable precipitations limit dryland crop production in the semi-arid areas of the Loess Plateau. These areas are also affected by serious soil erosion, and intensive tillage of conventional agriculture has worsened the situation. Therefore, conventional tillage and five conservation agriculture patterns＇, that is, conventional tillage （T）, conventional tillage with stubble incorporating（TS）, no-till with no stubble（NT）, no-till with stubble retention （NTS）, conventional tillage with plastic mulching（TP） and no-till with plastic mulching（NTP） effects on soil moisture profile, soil moisture dynamics, soil water storage, evapotranspiration（ET）, water use efficiency （WUE） and grain yield were studied through field experiments implemented in Dingxi from 2001 to 2004. The aim of the research is to identify a suitable conservation agriculture practice for the area. Results showed that no-till with stubble retention could increase surface （0-10cm） soil moisture content at sowing, which is very important for crop emergence because of frequent spring drought in the area. Annual dynamics for total soil water storage in the whole soil Drofile（0-200cm） can be divided into three periods, that is, i） soil moisture decreasing rapid with crop growth from late spring to early summer（mid of May-mid of July）, ii） soil water profile recharging during the rain season in summer and autumn（mid of July-end of October） and iii） soil moisture keeping relatively constant in winter and early spring （November-early May）. Results indicated that although different conservation tillage patterns had no strong effect on total soil water storage in whole profile, there were significant differences among the ET of the different treatments＇. Ratio between plant transpiration and soil evaporation of NTS increased significantly synchronously with increasing ET, and this improved the grain yield and WUE of NTS were improved. For the plastic mulch treatments in which plants were placed in the furrow between mulching ridges, rainfall use efficiency and grain yield were increased in some seasons, but this is a very risky practice for wheat because of serious crusting due to heavy rainfall before wheat emergence, decreasing plant density, grain yield and WUE significantly. More importantly, this practice couldn＇t improve soil fertility sustainably. Therefore, no-till with stubble retention would not only improve rain water use efficiency and grain yield, but can also improve the sustainable development of agriculture in this region in the long term.
中文关键词	免耕 ; 秸秆覆盖 ; 地膜覆盖 ; 土壤水分 ; 水分利用效率
英文关键词	no till stubble retention plastic mulching soil moisture water use efficiency
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRICULTURE MULTIDISCIPLINARY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:2180409
来源机构	甘肃农业大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/206546
作者单位	1.甘肃农业大学农业生态工程研究所, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国; 2.甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院, 兰州, 甘肃 730070, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	李玲玲,黄高宝,张仁陟,等. 不同保护性耕作措施对旱作农田土壤水分的影响[J]. 甘肃农业大学,2005,25(9):2326-2332.
APA	李玲玲,黄高宝,张仁陟,&晋小军.(2005).不同保护性耕作措施对旱作农田土壤水分的影响.生态学报,25(9),2326-2332.
MLA	李玲玲,et al."不同保护性耕作措施对旱作农田土壤水分的影响".生态学报 25.9(2005):2326-2332.