干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 黄土高原小流域植被变化和侵蚀产沙的孢粉示踪研究初探

Arid

	黄土高原小流域植被变化和侵蚀产沙的孢粉示踪研究初探
其他题名	A TEST OF THE POLLEN TRACING TECHNIQUE FOR STUDIES OF VEGETATION CHANGES, EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION IN A SMALL CATCHMENT IN THE LOESS PLATEAU OF CHINA
	张信宝 1; 贺秀斌 1; 文安邦 1; 温仲明 2; 冯明义 3; 杨勤科 2; 齐永青 1
来源期刊	第四纪研究
ISSN	1001-7410
出版年	2005
卷号	25 期号:6 页码:722-728
中文摘要	如同^137Cs和^210Pbex核尘埃，土壤和坝库沉积物中的孢粉也源于大气沉降，是否能用于侵蚀产沙的示踪研究？在陕北吴旗周湾水库采集了一些表层土壤和现代淤地坝、古代聚湫坝沉积泥沙的样品，尝试土地利用／覆被变化和侵蚀产沙的孢粉示踪研究。初步研究表明：草地表土孢粉丰富，平均浓度为26077粒／g；有33个科属的花粉，孢粉组合反映了当地以蒿属为主的半干旱温带草原植被；坡耕地表土的孢粉组合和草地一致，但孢粉平均浓度远低于草地，仅5844粒／g。坝库沉积剖面中，和^137Cs核素一样，孢粉也富集于每一洪水沉积旋迥的上部层位，可用于沉积旋逼的区分。现代沉积旋逼的孢粉平均浓度，远低于草地和坡耕地表土，这表明草地和坡耕地土壤不是沉积泥沙的主要来源。古代沉积物的孢粉平均浓度高于现代沉积，表明流域内300年前的植被好于现代，或300年前沟谷地的相对产沙量低于现代。古代孢粉组合中十字花科花粉比例高达36．85％，明显高于现代的0．58％含量，这表明草地退化严重，十字花科植物比例急剧降低。孢粉示踪技术在植被环境恢复，沉积旋迥区分，和泥沙来源确定等方面具有一定的潜力，但应建立针对土地利用／覆被变化和侵蚀产沙研究的孢粉示踪技术方法。
英文摘要	Like radionuclide fallouts of ^137Cs and ^210Pboex, pollens in sediment deposits and soil come from the atmosphere. Therefore, can pollens be used as tracers for soil erosion and sedimentation studies？ Surface soils, modern and ancient reservoir deposits were sampled as a test of the pollen tracing technique for studies of vegetation changes, erosion, and sedimentation in the Zhouwan Reservoir Catchment of the Loess Plateau, Wuqi County, North Shaanxi, China. Surface soils on grassland are rich in pollens and have an average pollen concentration of 26 077 grains/g, and 33 taxa of pollens, which are correlated to the local vegetation of semi-arid temporal steppe rich in Arternisia as well. Surface soils on cultivated land have similar taxa, but the pollen concentration is only 5 844 grains/g, much less than those on the grassland. Like 137Cs, pollen concentration is higher in the upper horizon of a flood deposit couplet. Average pollen concentration in the modern deposits is much less than those in surface soils on both the grassland and the cultivated land. Average pollen concentration in the ancient deposits from 300 years ago is higher than concentration in the modern deposits. It indicates that the vegetation in the catchments from 300 years ago was better than today or the relative contribution of sediment derived from the gully area was less than today. The proportion of Cruciferae pollens compared to total pollens in the ancient deposits reaches 36.85% , which is much higher than the concentration in the modern deposits （only 0.58% ）. It indicates that degradation of the grassland is severe and has resulted in reduction of Cruciferae. This study shows great potential of the pollen tracing technique for reconstruction of vegetation environments, distinguishing of flood deposit couplets, and investigation of sediment sources. However, specific sampling methodology should be developed for the pollen tracing technique.
中文关键词	孢粉示踪 ; 植被变化 ; 侵蚀产沙 ; 小流域 ; 黄土高原
英文关键词	Plateaupollen tracing vegetation changes erosion and sedimentation small catchment Loess Plateau
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	PLANT SCIENCES
WOS研究方向	Plant Sciences
CSCD记录号	CSCD:2161829
来源机构	中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/206059
作者单位	1.中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所, 成都, 四川 610041, 中国; 2.中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 杨陵, 712100; 3.西华师范大学, 南充, 四川 637002, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	张信宝,贺秀斌,文安邦,等. 黄土高原小流域植被变化和侵蚀产沙的孢粉示踪研究初探[J]. 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,2005,25(6):722-728.
APA	张信宝.,贺秀斌.,文安邦.,温仲明.,冯明义.,...&齐永青.(2005).黄土高原小流域植被变化和侵蚀产沙的孢粉示踪研究初探.第四纪研究,25(6),722-728.
MLA	张信宝,et al."黄土高原小流域植被变化和侵蚀产沙的孢粉示踪研究初探".第四纪研究 25.6(2005):722-728.