干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 中国西部治理沙漠化的战略思考与建议

Arid

	中国西部治理沙漠化的战略思考与建议
其他题名	SOME SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVING CONDITIONS ON DESERTIFICATION IN WESTERN CHINA
	葛肖虹 1; 任收麦 2
来源期刊	第四纪研究
ISSN	1001-7410
出版年	2005
卷号	25 期号:4 页码:484-489
中文摘要	中国西部干旱缺水是由于青藏高原隆升造成的,大面积土地荒漠化和沙尘暴的肆虐,既有自然原因,又有因为人们违背自然规律,大量垦荒造田,修建水库和明渠,漫灌农田耗费水资源,破坏生态平衡等主要原因.青藏高原隆升先引起中国西部草原化然后是沙漠化,顺应此规律西部开发应该是"退耕还草",恢复草场和天然植被,发展畜牧养殖业,而不是再无节制地垦荒造田发展粮食种植业.20世纪60～70年代以来,由于新疆、河西走廊的农业开发,在塔里木河上、中游和黑河中、下游修建了数十个中、小型水库,截留地表、地下径流,破坏了原始的生态环境,使大量水在水库、明渠表面蒸发浪费,却引起下游断流,大片胡杨林死亡,罗布泊、居延海等干涸,额济纳旗荒漠化成了沙尘暴的源头.如何改变这种恶性循环,恢复中国西北原有的生态平衡,从根本上遏制中国西部的荒漠化?对于年蒸发量高达600～800mm以上的中国西部地区,生态环境极为脆弱,科学节约地利用水资源十分关键.建议能在塔里木河上游的喀喇昆仑山、南天山和黑河上游的祁连山山顶冰川以下修建高山水库,通过泻水隧洞管道,封闭式地把水输送到下游,这样既可通过水头落差发电,又可沿途通过管道喷灌技术养殖山坡草场和解决下游农田用水,避免蒸发耗费,保持生态平衡.修建这种高山水库和输水管道工程应该纳入国家建设计划,作为国家跨省级的系统治理工程来实施.
英文摘要	The uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau resulted drought and water deficiency in Western China. Large-scale land desertification and barbaric sandstorms were induced by natural factors and human activities which are one of the factors of ecology unbalance, such as reclaiming grassland into farmland, building reservoirs and channels, and irrigating too much. The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau uplift occurs grassification firstly, then desertification in Western China. According to this rule we should abandon cultivation to recover the grassland and develop stock raising instead of immoderation reclamation during exploiting of Western China. Since 1960 ~70s, many middle and little size reservoirs were built at middle and lower reaches of the Tarim river and the Hei river for exploiting agriculture in Xinjiang and Hexi Corridor. Because of Baving surface and underground water, these reservoirs break the original ecological environment, and bring on the waste of surface evaporation, farther result in the shortage of lower reaches and the death of Populus euphratica forest in large areas, also including the drying up of Lop Nur and Juyan lake. Sandstorms are originated from the desertification of Ejin Qin. How do we revise this vicious circle and recover the original ecological balance in Northwest China and diminish the desertification finally? The ecological environment is very fragile in the region of Northwest China in which the evaporating capacity is more than 600 ~ 800mm, therefore it is very important to utilize the water resource scientifically and continently. Thus we should build high-mountain reservoirs at the Kunlun Mountain and South Tianshan and Qilian Mountains, the upstream of Talimu river and Hei river is located respectively. The water can be transported to the lower reaches hermetically by the tunnel pipe. Moreover on one hand we can generate electricity by the hydraulic current, but on the other hand we can satisfy the farmland water and plant hillside grassland and avoid the evaporation ultimately. Thus it can be seen that building this kind of high-mountain reservoirs and transporting-pipes should be brought into the national development plan and actualize as the system repair project involving many provinces.
中文关键词	青藏高原隆升 ; 中国西部荒漠化 ; 水资源浪费 ; 修建高山水库 ; 恢复生态平衡
英文关键词	uplift of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau desertification in Western China waste of the water resource high-mountain reservoirs recover the original ecological balance
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	GEOLOGY
WOS研究方向	Geology
CSCD记录号	CSCD:2002243
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/206054
作者单位	1.吉林大学地球科学学院, 长春, 吉林 130061, 中国; 2.国土资源部油气资源战略研究中心, 北京 100034, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	葛肖虹,任收麦. 中国西部治理沙漠化的战略思考与建议[J],2005,25(4):484-489.
APA	葛肖虹,&任收麦.(2005).中国西部治理沙漠化的战略思考与建议.第四纪研究,25(4),484-489.
MLA	葛肖虹,et al."中国西部治理沙漠化的战略思考与建议".第四纪研究 25.4(2005):484-489.