干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 青藏高原冻融荒漠化的若干问题--以藏西-藏北荒漠化区为例

Arid

	青藏高原冻融荒漠化的若干问题--以藏西-藏北荒漠化区为例
其他题名	Some Problems of Freeze-thaw Desertification in the Tibetan Plateau: A Case Study on the Desertification Regions of the Western and Northern Plateau
	李森 1; 高尚玉 2; 杨萍 3; 陈怀顺 3
来源期刊	冰川冻土
ISSN	1000-0240
出版年	2005
卷号	27 期号:4 页码:476-485
中文摘要	冻融荒漠化是高海拔地区特有的土地退化过程, 依据生态基准面理论将青藏高原冻融荒漠化划分为极重度、重度、中度和轻度4个等级. 藏西-藏北区冻融荒漠化面积达44303.73 km2, 多呈斑块状零星分布和片状分散分布. 高原冻土区具有冻融荒漠化形成的环境基质, 近40 a区域气候持续变暖, 人为活动频率与强度加剧, 鼠类活动猖獗, 使浅层多年冻土的冻融过程加剧, 从而形成冻融荒漠化土地. 其形成过程主要有多年冻土季节融化层增厚-地下水位下降-地表土壤干燥化、地表覆盖改变或地下融水增加-冻土融冻界面热融-地表沉陷破碎、冻融作用过程和斜坡过程受到强化等. 预测未来20～30 a冻融荒漠化继续发展, 程度加重. 防治冻融荒漠化的对策主要是减轻草场压力、恢复草地植被, 加强鼠害防治和合理布局开发工程、采用工程与生物措施等.
英文摘要	As a process of land degeneration, freeze - thaw desertification takes place in the high alti-tude regions due to increase in the depth of season-al thaw layer, which causes an intensive freeze - thaw or sloping process in surface earth. The freeze-thaw desertification always results in the soil and vegetation degenerations. According to the ecological datum plane theory, the freeze - thaw desertification in the plateau can be classified into four types with different landscape indicators and characteristics, i.e. extremely severe, severe, me-dium and slight degrees. The land area of the freeze - thaw desertification in the western and northern Tibetan Plateau amounts to 44303. 73 km2 and occupies 9. 61% of the whole area of the northern and western plateau. The freeze - thaw desertification lands embed in sheet and spot shape in the study area. Long - term freeze - thaw process, low temperature instability of permafrost and covering of sparse vegetation will be thought as the environmental background of the freeze - thaw desertification in the plateau. Over the last 40 years, the air temperature in the Tibetan Plat-eau increases with a rate of 0. 26 oC/10a, Moreo-ver, the number of population and livestock on the Tibetan Plateau is growing rapidly and grassland has long been overgrazed. In addition, mice and rabbits have also been rampant, having intensified the freeze - thaw processes of the ground surfaceand enlarged the thawing area, forming the deser-tification land ultimately. Seasonal thawing layer increasing leads to the drop of groundwater level and the desiccation of surface soil, resulting in the desertification process on the surface and increased recharge to the ground runoff, which will in turn thaw the freeze-thaw interface of the permafrost. The surface soil is sinking and then the slope process is intensified. These are the main proces-ses for the formation of the freeze-thaw desertifi-cation. Analyzing the climate data found that the freeze-thaw desertification on the Tibetan Plateau would continue in the coming 20 to 30 years, with a rate similar to that of the last decades but the ex-tent would be more severe. The estimated area of the desertification land on the northern and west-ern parts of the plateau would reach 49334. 78 km2, 50471. 22 km2, and 51633. 85 km2 by the year 2010, 2020 and 2030, respectively. Restoring the grass vegetation, reducing the capacity pres-sures on the grassland through carrying out the ec-ological construction and developing substitute in- ustries are the major countermeasures preventing the freeze-thaw desertification. The activities of mice and rabbits should also be monitored in order to prevent the burrowing processes and protect the frozen land environment. Biological and engineer-ing measures could also be considered.
中文关键词	青藏高原 ; 冻融荒漠化 ; 景观特征 ; 形成过程 ; 发展趋势
英文关键词	Tibetan Plateau freeze-thaw desertification landscape characteristics formation process developmental trend
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	GEOSCIENCES MULTIDISCIPLINARY
WOS研究方向	Geology
CSCD记录号	CSCD:2015053
来源机构	中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 ; 北京师范大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/205922
作者单位	1.佛山大学,资源与环境科学研究所, 佛山, 广东 528000, 中国; 2.北京师范大学, 北京 100875, 中国; 3.中国科学院,寒区旱区环境与工程研究所, 兰州, 甘肃 730000, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	李森,高尚玉,杨萍,等. 青藏高原冻融荒漠化的若干问题--以藏西-藏北荒漠化区为例[J]. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院, 北京师范大学,2005,27(4):476-485.
APA	李森,高尚玉,杨萍,&陈怀顺.(2005).青藏高原冻融荒漠化的若干问题--以藏西-藏北荒漠化区为例.冰川冻土,27(4),476-485.
MLA	李森,et al."青藏高原冻融荒漠化的若干问题--以藏西-藏北荒漠化区为例".冰川冻土 27.4(2005):476-485.