干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 内陆河流域分布式水文模型--以黑河干流山区建模为例

Arid

	内陆河流域分布式水文模型--以黑河干流山区建模为例
其他题名	A Distributed Runoff Model for Inland River Mountainous Basin of Northwest China
	陈仁升; 康尔泗; 杨建平; 张济世
来源期刊	中国沙漠
ISSN	1000-694X
出版年	2004
卷号	24 期号:4 页码:416-424
中文摘要	应用常规的气象水文数据并结合GIS,建立了一个适合西北内陆河山区流域分布式水文模型,并对黑河干流山区出山径流进行了模拟计算和讨论.模型以子流域作为最小的产流、汇流单元,将各子流域分为裸地区、乔木区、牧草区和冰川区,并根据实测剖面资料将土壤分为3层,各分区单独进行水量平衡计算.产流过程基于蓄满产流理论,以月和日为步长,月模型在黑河干流山区流域应用效果较好,日模型受降水的随机性和观测站点少的限制效果不佳.模型参数敏感性分析发现,降水资料的代表性是模型模拟成败的关键.月模拟结果表明,植被覆盖可以调节径流过程,增加流域土壤储水量,尤其是乔木森林,即植被具有涵养水源的功能.在全球变暖背景下,黑河未来出山径流会有一定程度的增加,冰雪融水和实际蒸散发也会增加,永久积雪与冰川面积缩小,雪线上升,但近期内不会造成冰雪储量大量减少.
英文摘要	Distributed hydrological model has been studied worldwide, while rarely used in large basin scale for the required huge data. In order to predict the future runoff under global warming, and to approach the effects of vegetation on the ecological environment of the inland river mountainous watershed of Northwest China, where has glacier, desert, forests, pasture, little population and little hydrometric stations, the au-thors use the routine hydrometric data to create a distributed monthly and a daily model with some conceptu-al parameters, coupled with GIS and RS tools and data. The model takes sub-basin as the minimal confluent unit, divides the main soil of the basin into 3 layers, and divides the vegetation type as forest and pasture. The data used in the model are precipitation, air temperature, runoff data, soil weight water content, soil depth, soil bulk density, soil porosity, land cover data etc. The model holds that if the water amount is more than the water content capacity, there will be surface runoff. The actual evaporation is proportional to the product of the potential evaporation and soil volume water content. The studied basin is Heihe mainstream mountainous basin, with a drainage area 10 009 km2. The data used in monthly model are observed in the period of Jan. 1980 to Dec. 1995, and the first 10 years data are used to simulate, while the last 5 years data are used to calibrate. For the simulation process, the NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe Equation), B (Balance Error) and EV (Explained Variance) is 0.868 1, 5.400 8 and 0.871 8 respectively, while for the calibration process, is 0.879 9, -0.597 4 and 0.880 0 respectively. The monthly model results show that, the future runoff of Heihe river basin will increase a little. The snowmelt, glacier meltwater and the evapotranspira-tion will increase. The air temperature increment will make the permanent snow and glacier area diminish, and the snowline will rise. The vegetation, especially the forest in Heihe mountainous watershed, could ad-just the runoff process, and could increase the soil water content. For the randomness of the daily precipita-tion, the daily model results are not well when using the daily data in the year 2002.
中文关键词	内陆河山区流域 ; 出山径流 ; 分布式径流模型 ; 全球变化 ; 植被
英文关键词	inland river mountainous basin runoff from mountainous basin distributed runoff model global warming vegetation
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	GEOSCIENCES MULTIDISCIPLINARY
WOS研究方向	Geology
CSCD记录号	CSCD:1697471
来源机构	中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/205754
作者单位	中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所, 兰州, 甘肃 730000, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	陈仁升,康尔泗,杨建平,等. 内陆河流域分布式水文模型--以黑河干流山区建模为例[J]. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,2004,24(4):416-424.
APA	陈仁升,康尔泗,杨建平,&张济世.(2004).内陆河流域分布式水文模型--以黑河干流山区建模为例.中国沙漠,24(4),416-424.
MLA	陈仁升,et al."内陆河流域分布式水文模型--以黑河干流山区建模为例".中国沙漠 24.4(2004):416-424.