干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 中国北方草地生态系统管理问题与对策

Arid

	中国北方草地生态系统管理问题与对策
其他题名	The Problems and Strategies for Grassland Management in Northern China
	周道玮 1; 姜世成 2; 王闰 2
来源期刊	中国草地
ISSN	1000-6311
出版年	2004
卷号	26 期号:1 页码:57-64
中文摘要	草地具有生态意义、资源意义和生物进化场所及文化意义.北方草地表观表现为"三化",草丛对地面的覆盖力和产量是一般采用的判定指标,缺乏生态系统结构要素和功能受损的评价标准,农田化也是草原被破坏或消失的重要因素.放牧是家畜生产途径,也是草地管理手段.放牧干扰状况包括放牧开始时间、放牧强度、放牧频次和持续时间,放牧要素包括啃食、践踏、口液和失衡营养.载畜量或草畜平衡的方程体系中缺少牲畜生长状态参数,草地管理的一项重要内容是管理草地放养的家畜,发展豆科混合半人工草地,以维护土壤肥力,增加牲畜日粮的粗蛋白含量应该是中国北方草地管理当前与今后一段时期内的重要研究内容.草地管理,即草地生态系统管理是由明确目标驱动,由政策和协议及实践而执行,以对生态作用与过程的理解所需的研究和监测为基础,而保持生态系统组分、结构和功能正常运行的管理.
英文摘要	The grassland in northern China has ecological, resourceful and evolutionary significance. It has problems of degradation and desertification in narrow sense, and saline-alkalization apparently, reclamation (process and result of reclaiming grassland as farmland)also is critical problem. Covering ability to soil is general standard for the three problems, but it lack of damaged or healthy evaluation standard of the ecosystem struc-ture and function. Grazing is an approach for animal production and also is a way to managing the grassland. Grazing as a disturbance factor for grassland ecosystem include some meaningful important regimes:occurrence time of grazing, grazing intensity, graz-ing frequency, grazing severity and grazing duration and so on. Different regime has dif-ferent contribution to the problem. At the same time, grazing should be considered as a complex of three animal factors: deflliation, trampling nad unbalance of the nutrition in soil at least. Up-coring (destroyed the growth point) in early spring and up-rooting in raining season are serieously event for the problem appearing. And it should be added a parameter to the equation of stocking rate and forage supplying system.THe important task for grassland management is to manage the animal grazing/feeding on grassland. Basing on eat-full for the animal on grassland, to develop legume pasture or mixture pasture of grass-legume to increase crude protein in animal intake could get twice the result with half the effort for animal production and grassland protecting.
中文关键词	北方草地 ; 意义 ; 问题 ; 管理
英文关键词	grassland significance problems management china
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRICULTURE MULTIDISCIPLINARY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:1507114
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/205676
作者单位	1.中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 长春, 吉林 130000, 中国; 2.东北师范大学草地所, 长春, 吉林 130024, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	周道玮,姜世成,王闰. 中国北方草地生态系统管理问题与对策[J],2004,26(1):57-64.
APA	周道玮,姜世成,&王闰.(2004).中国北方草地生态系统管理问题与对策.中国草地,26(1),57-64.
MLA	周道玮,et al."中国北方草地生态系统管理问题与对策".中国草地 26.1(2004):57-64.