干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 小叶锦鸡儿和狭叶锦鸡儿的生态和水分调节特性比较研究

Arid

	小叶锦鸡儿和狭叶锦鸡儿的生态和水分调节特性比较研究
其他题名	The comparison studies of ecological and water regulation characteristics of Caragana microphylla and Caragana stenophylla
	马成仓; 高玉葆; 蒋福全; 王金龙; 郭宏宇; 吴建波; 苏丹
来源期刊	生态学报
ISSN	1000-0933
出版年	2004
卷号	24 期号:7 页码:1442-1451
中文摘要	对锦鸡儿属羽状叶类群的代表植物--小叶锦鸡儿和假掌状叶类群的代表植物--狭叶锦鸡儿的地理分布、生长发育、形态结构、渗透调节和水分代谢进行了比较研究.小叶锦鸡儿在内蒙古高原分布于东起呼伦贝尔(124.00°E)西至达茂旗(110.43°E)的半湿润至半干旱地区,生长发育最适地区是锡林浩特;狭叶锦鸡儿在内蒙古高原分布于东起锡林浩特(116.07°E)西至阿拉善(98°E)的半干旱至极干旱地区,生长发育最适地区是阿拉善.这种分布格局和生长发育适应性说明,狭叶锦鸡儿比小叶锦鸡儿更适宜干旱环境.小叶锦鸡儿叶片平展、被绿色柔毛,有时上面近无毛,狭叶锦鸡儿叶片呈瓦状、被粉白色柔毛;狭叶锦鸡儿叶片厚度/面积比值和长/宽比值大于小叶锦鸡儿,叶片生物量小于小叶锦鸡儿.这些特性使狭叶锦鸡儿比小叶锦鸡儿保水能力强.由于狭叶锦鸡儿的渗透调节物质浓度大于小叶锦鸡儿,导致细胞渗透势低于小叶锦鸡儿;狭叶锦鸡儿叶含水量低于小叶锦鸡儿,束缚水/自由水比值大于小叶锦鸡儿;狭叶锦鸡儿叶水势低于小叶锦鸡儿.这些特性表明狭叶锦鸡儿比小叶锦鸡儿渗透调节能力强.狭叶锦鸡儿的蒸腾速率和日蒸腾积累值均小于小叶锦鸡儿,水分利用效率高于小叶锦鸡儿.由于叶形态变异、良好的渗透调节功能、低蒸腾速率,使生活在半干旱至极干旱地区的狭叶锦鸡儿植株水分状况甚至好于生活在半湿润至半干旱地区的小叶锦鸡儿.研究结果表明:(1)小叶锦鸡儿和狭叶锦鸡儿与它们分布区的环境气候条件相适应,表现在形态变异、完善的渗透调节功能、低蒸腾和高水分利用效率;(2)羽状叶类群的代表植物--小叶锦鸡儿适应在半湿润至半干旱地区生活,假掌状叶类群的代表植物--狭叶锦鸡儿适应在半干旱至极干旱地区生活.狭叶锦鸡儿比小叶锦鸡儿有更好的干旱适应性.这一研究结果可以作为羽状叶是原始类群,假掌状叶是较进化类群观点的证据.
英文摘要	The studies of.specific evolution of genus Caragana demonstrate that pinnately compound leaf group is preliminary, and pseudo-palmately compound leaf group belongs to the relative evolved. Pinnately compound leaf group gradually evolved into pseudo-palmately compound leaf group with the increase in the degree of drought. This point of view is based on studies of the geographical distribution and the morphological characteristics of plants, but lacks physiological and biochemical proof. The characteristics of geographical distribution, growth and development, morphological structure, osmotic adjustment, and water metabolism of Caragana microphylla (a typical species of pinnately compound leaf group), and Caragana stenophylla (a typical species of pseudo-palmately compound leaf group), were compared and studied in this paper. First, by comparing the geographical distribution, growth and development of C. microphylla and C. stenophylla, we found that C. microphylla was distributed in the sub-humid and semi-arid regions from the east in Hulunbeier (124. 00°E) to the west in Damao Banner (110. 43°E). The most adaptive region for growth and development was Xilinhaote’, which had climate conditions as following: 281mm annual precipitation, 2. 35 C annual average temperature, 2932h sun time, and 3. 70% soil water content. C, stenophylla was distributed in the semi-arid and intensive drought regions from the east in Xilinhaote (116. 07°E) to the west in Alashan (98°E). The most adaptive region for growth and development was Alashan, which had climate conditions as following: 110mm annual precipitation, 7. 80 C annual average temperature, 3200h sun time, and 1. 73% soil water content. These characters of geographical distribution, growth and development demonstrated that C. stenophylla adapted better to arid environment than C. microphylla. Second, by comparing the morphological structure of these two species of Caragana, we found that the leaf of C. microphylla was flat with green villi, while the leaf of C. stenophylla was tile-shaped with offwhite villi, the ratios of thickness to area and length to width of C. stenophylla were greater than those of C. microphylla, and the leaf biomass of C. stenophylla was less than that of C, microphylla. These observations suggested that C. stenophylla was more capable of water retention than C. microphylla. Third, we compared the osmotic adjustment ability of these two species of plants. The osmotic adjustment substances content of C. stenophylla was higher than that of C. microphylla, and thus cell osmotic,potential was lower than that of C. microphylla. In terms of osmotic adjustment substances, the soluble proteins, free amino acids and organic acids content of C. microphylla were higher than those of C. stenophylla. To the contrary, the soluble sugars and inorganic ions content of C. stenophylla were higher than those of C. microphylla. Water content and free water content of C. stenophylla were lower than those of C. microphylla, while the bound water content and the’ratio of bound water to free water of the former was higher than those of the latter. The leaf water potential of C. stenophylla was lower than that of C microphylla. All these characteristics indicated that C. stenophyll had higher osmotic adjustment ability than C. microphylla. Fourth, the comparison of water metabolism of these two plants showed that the transpiration rate and daily cumulative value of transpiration of C. stenophylla were lower than those of C. microphylla, while the water use efficiency of C, stenophylla was higher than that of C. microphylla. As a result, owing to the morphological variation of leaves, more effective osmotic adjustment ability and lower transpiration rate, C. stenophylla, which grew in semi-arid and intensive drought regions, retained water better than C, microphylla, which grew in sub-humid and semi-arid regions. From this study, arrived at two main conclusions s ( 1 ) Morphological structures and water regulation characteristics of C. microphylla and C. stenophylla were adaptable to environmental conditions of their own habitat, and plants of genus Caragana adapt to arid environments by means of morphological variation, effective osmotic adjustment, low transpiration and high water use efficiency. (2) The typical species of pinnately compound leaf group, C. microphylla, adapts to sub-humid and semi-arid regions, while typical species of pseudo-palmately compound leaf group, C. stenophylla, adapts to semi-arid and intensive drought regions. C. stenophylla adapts better to an arid environment than C. microphylla. These results provide proof to the view that pinnately compound leaf group is basic species and pseudo-palmately compound leaf group is a relatively evolved species.
中文关键词	小叶锦鸡儿 ; 狭叶锦鸡儿 ; 地理分布 ; 生长发育 ; 形态结构 ; 渗透调节 ; 水分代谢 ; 干旱适应性
英文关键词	C.microphylla C.stenophylla geographical distribution growth and development morphological structure osmotic adjustment water metabolism drought adaptation
类型	Article
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	Plant Sciences
WOS研究方向	Plant Sciences
CSCD记录号	CSCD:1587945
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/205367
作者单位	马成仓, 南开大学生命科学学院, 天津 300071, 中国.; 高玉葆, 南开大学生命科学学院, 天津 300071, 中国.; 王金龙, 南开大学生命科学学院, 天津 300071, 中国.; 郭宏宇, 南开大学生命科学学院, 天津 300071, 中国.; 吴建波, 南开大学生命科学学院, 天津 300071, 中国.; 苏丹, 南开大学生命科学学院, 天津 300071, 中国.; 蒋福全, 淮北煤炭师范学院生物学系, 淮北, 安徽 235000, 中国.
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	马成仓,高玉葆,蒋福全,等. 小叶锦鸡儿和狭叶锦鸡儿的生态和水分调节特性比较研究[J],2004,24(7):1442-1451.
APA	马成仓.,高玉葆.,蒋福全.,王金龙.,郭宏宇.,...&苏丹.(2004).小叶锦鸡儿和狭叶锦鸡儿的生态和水分调节特性比较研究.生态学报,24(7),1442-1451.
MLA	马成仓,et al."小叶锦鸡儿和狭叶锦鸡儿的生态和水分调节特性比较研究".生态学报 24.7(2004):1442-1451.