干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 土壤-植被系统演变对生物防沙工程的影响

Arid

	土壤-植被系统演变对生物防沙工程的影响
其他题名	Impact of Evolvement of Soil-plant System on Engineering of Mobile Sand Dunes Control
	肖洪浪; 李新荣; 宋耀选; 李守忠
来源期刊	林业科学
ISSN	1001-7488
出版年	2004
卷号	40 期号:1 页码:24-30
中文摘要	包兰铁路横穿腾格里沙漠的沙坡头段,全长近50 km,这里年降水量186 mm,流动沙丘相对高度20 m以上,以4 m*a-1的速度向东南方向移动.无灌溉条件下、工程措施与生物措施相结合的防沙固沙工程体系始建于1956年,近半个世纪以来该体系确保了包兰铁路的畅通无阻,累计经济效益逾百亿人民币.虽然当初的建设者充分考虑了耐旱的乡土树种、有效的工程固沙系统,但很难想到几十年后的土壤-植被系统的演变会危及整个防护体系的稳定性.植被在从人工系统向自然系统的演变中经历了覆盖度从增加到减少的自疏过程、从灌木到半灌木到草本的变化,其降低风速和防风的功能减弱;土壤从流动风沙土发育成钙积旱成土,地表生物结皮发育,增加了表土的抗风蚀的能力;土壤-植被系统的演变使得降水在生态系统中的再分配过程已经彻底改变,并由于防护林体系配置不完善,在50～500 cm的土层深度一个生物成因的干旱层逐渐形成,新的水分平衡格局明显威胁到现有的防风固沙体系.
英文摘要	The Bao- Lan railway crosses the Shapotou section, 50 kilometres long, of the Tengger sand desert, where there is an annual mean precipitation 186 mm and mobile sand dunes which have relative height of more than 20 m goahead 4 meters to-ward the south-east. Combined engineering ways and biological measures without irrigation the system controlling sand began to establish after 1956. The protective system has insured the Bao - Lan railway smoothly straightway for near a half century, and has made 10 Yuan accumulative economic benefit. Although precursors successfully selected anti-drought local species and ef-fective engineering systems to stabilize shifting sand, it was not easy to forecast that succession of soil-plant system would en-danger sustainable stability of the protective system. In the process of artificial plants toward natural vegetation the plant coverage underwent a self-sparse course from increase to decrease and from shrubs to semi-shrubs to herbaceous, which debased the func-tion of reducing wind speed and controlling strong wind. Soil developed from aeolian sand soil to Calcic-Orthic Aridisols. Devel-opment of bio-crust on the surface increased ability of anti-erosion by wind. Succession of soil-plant system had made redistribu-tion of precipitation in eco-system change fully; meanwhile because of imperfect of collocation of prevention shrubs, a drought soil layer gradually developed in the between 50 cm and 500 cm depth with cause of formation of plant transpiration. A new pat-tern of water balance obviously imperils sustainable use of water resource and the stability of the protective system.
中文关键词	土壤-植被系统 ; 水分平衡 ; 干旱层 ; 生物结皮 ; 防沙治沙工程 ; 干旱区
英文关键词	Soil-plant system Water balance Drought layer Bio-crust Engineering of sand control Arid zone
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:1569461
来源机构	中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/205239
作者单位	中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所, 兰州, 甘肃 730000, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	肖洪浪,李新荣,宋耀选,等. 土壤-植被系统演变对生物防沙工程的影响[J]. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,2004,40(1):24-30.
APA	肖洪浪,李新荣,宋耀选,&李守忠.(2004).土壤-植被系统演变对生物防沙工程的影响.林业科学,40(1),24-30.
MLA	肖洪浪,et al."土壤-植被系统演变对生物防沙工程的影响".林业科学 40.1(2004):24-30.