干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 长江上游生态退化及其恢复与重建

Arid

	长江上游生态退化及其恢复与重建
其他题名	RESTORATION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF DEGRADED ECOSYSTEMS IN THE UPPER REACHES OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER
	钟祥浩; 刘淑珍; 范箭容
来源期刊	长江流域资源与环境
ISSN	1004-8227
出版年	2003
卷号	12 期号:2 页码:157-162
中文摘要	长江上游生态建设取得了显著成绩，20世纪90年代森林覆盖率和地表植被覆盖度较60-70年代有了显著的提高，如四川盆地钱丘区森林覆盖率，60年代只有5%左右，到90年代后妻达22.7%。虽然地表植被覆盖有了显著改善，但是生态退化问题仍比较严重，突出地表现在如下几方面：①森林生态系统的空间结构不合理，群落层片结构简单，人工林生态系统的林种、树种组成单一，低山丘陵针叶化倾向日趋明显，其林下枯枝落叶层缺失，森林土壤层很薄，一般只有30-40cm，土壤最大特水能力一般为300-500m~3/hm~2，而该地区原始森林土壤可达2000-2500m~3/hm-2。②草地生态系统退化面积在扩大，如长江上游源头地区草地破坏引起的土地荒漠化面积达195万hm~2。③农田生态系统退化主要分布于生产与生态功能均不高的坡耕地，多数坡耕地水土流失比较严重，土壤侵蚀模数一般达2500-5000t/km~2·a，坡耕地耕作层浅薄，蓄水保水功能很弱。根据本区主要生态系统类型的退化现状与特点，在生态学理论的指导下，提出退化生态系统的恢复、重建与改建的对策和途经，为上江上游生态屏障的构建提供新的思路
英文摘要	Great successes has been achieved in ecololigcal constuction on the upper reaches of the Changjiang River.The cover rate of forest and cover degree of vegetation in 1990’s were obviously raised when compared with those in 1996’s-1970’s.For example,the avarege cover rate of forest in the Sichuan Basin was about 5% in 1960’s,and was 22.7% in later 1990’s.But problems of ecological degradation have also been serious,which included following aspects:①Space structures and community structures of forest ecosystems are unreasosnable;strucures of forest and free species of the artificial afforestation ecosystem are very simple;coniferous tress in the low mountain and hill areas have increased obviously;litters under the forest are very little,the forest soil layer is very thin with 30-40 cm;the maximum moisture capacity of thf forest soil is only 300-500m~3/hm~2 which is much lower than that of the original forest soil with 2500-3000m~3/hm~2.②Degraded area of grass lands are being enlarged,such as the grass land of Changjiang Rivers source are has seriously been disturbed,with deserted area of grass land keing 195*10~8 hm~2 .③Degradation of agricultural land is mainly occurred on slope cultivated land which is low in productivity and ecological function;Water and soil losses of most of slope cultivated land are serious,intensity of soil erosion is 2500-500t/km~2 ·a,cultivated horizon of the eroded cultivated land is very thin with very low moisture holding capacity.According to the degraded situation and features of the main ecosystem types and ecology theory,countermeasures for restoration and enhancement the degraded ecosystems are suggested,and new ides provided for ecological protective screen csontruction on the upper reaches of the Changjiang River
中文关键词	长江上游 ; 生态退化 ; 恢复 ; 重建
英文关键词	ecological degradation restoration enhancement upper reaches of the Changjiang River
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
WOS研究方向	Science & Technology - Other Topics
CSCD记录号	CSCD:1356282
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/204554
作者单位	中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所, 成都, 四川 610041, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	钟祥浩,刘淑珍,范箭容. 长江上游生态退化及其恢复与重建[J],2003,12(2):157-162.
APA	钟祥浩,刘淑珍,&范箭容.(2003).长江上游生态退化及其恢复与重建.长江流域资源与环境,12(2),157-162.
MLA	钟祥浩,et al."长江上游生态退化及其恢复与重建".长江流域资源与环境 12.2(2003):157-162.