干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 穴居狼蛛生活习性之初步观察

Arid

	穴居狼蛛生活习性之初步观察
其他题名	Initial Observation on Living Habit of Lycosa Singoriensis
	陆东林 1; 张丹凤 1; 马德英 2; 王琴 3; 谭春莲 3
来源期刊	新疆农业科学
ISSN	1001-4330
出版年	2003
卷号	40 期号:4 页码:193-199
中文摘要	穴居狼蛛(Lycosa singoriensis)雌蛛平均体长31.9 mm，头胸长15.1mm，腹长17.2mm，体重4.2g。头胸部梨形，前部隆起，中间有黑、褐、白相间的辐射状斑，两侧被灰黄色毛，腹部椭圆形，背面密布黑色小斑点，中间有黑褐色心斑，并有6对黄白肌斑，胸板和腹部腹面密生黑色毛。雄蛛平均体长26.8mm，头胸长14.6mm，腹长12.9mm，体重2.6g，形状与雌蛛相似，但体色较浅，腹部明显较小。新疆已知分布于32个县市。生活在草原、森林、荒漠、农田、果园、山坡等地，筑穴而居，洞口圆形或椭圆形，平均直径2.65cm，洞深31.6cm。白天多在洞中隐伏，傍晚或夜间在洞口附近猎食，用直接袭击法捕食各类昆虫，雄成蛛一般不筑洞穴，游猎生活，主动寻找洞穴中雌蛛在洞内或将其引出洞外交配。交配可分3个阶段，即：雄蛛求婚、雌雄交配、雄蛛离开，历时1～1.5h，但实际交配时间仅10～30min。未发现雌蛛在交配后残杀雄蛛的事例。雌蛛于4～7月织卵袋产卵，卵袋椭圆形，灰白色，由两片组成，平均体积20.016.814.3(mm)~3，每袋平均含卵466.3粒。卵自产出之日起至发育成若蛛并走出卵袋，平均需21d。若蛛出袋后，先群聚于雌蛛腹背上，随雌蛛出外活动，有时下到地面吸水或采食雌蛛食剩的虫体或残屑，平均经11.8 d离开母体独立生活。雌若蛛经6～7次蜕皮成熟，10月下旬至次年3月上旬为越冬期，若蛛或成蛛将洞口用丝网封闭蛰伏在洞内越冬。雌蛛平均寿命2年，雄蛛1年左右。
英文摘要	The average length of female Lycosa Singoriensis is 31.9 mm, among which the part of head and chest is 15.1 mm, and the abdomen is 17.2 mm. Its average weight is 4.2 g. The part of head and chest is shaped like a pear, the front of which bulges, with gray and yellow hair on each side and black, brown and white radiate spots in the middle. The abdomen is shaped like an ellipse with dense and small black spots on the back. There are a black and brown heart mark and six pairs yellow and white muscle attachment spots in the middle. Its chest and front abdomen is grown over with dense and black hair. The average length of male Lycosa Singoriensis is 26.8 mm, among which the part of head and chest is 14.6 mm, and abdomen is 12.9 mm. Its average weight is 2.6 g. The shape of the male is similar to that of the female, but its color is lighter and its abdomen is distinctively smaller. Lycosa Singoriensis has been found in over 32 counties or cities in Xinjiang so far. It lives in the cave in grassland, forest, desert, farmland, orchard and hillside, to name a few. The mouth of the cave is round or elliptical. Its average diametar is 2. 65 cm, and its average depth is about 31.6 cm. During daytime, Lycosa Singoriensis hides itself in the cave, but hunts at dusk or night and captures all kinds of insects. In general, male adult spiders don11 live in caves. Instead, they move around and hunt everywhere. They search for female spiders and mate in the cave or out of the cave. The process of mating is divided into three stages. At the first stage the male proposes marriage; at the second stage the male and female mate; then at the third stage the male leaves promptly. The whole process lasts roughly 1 to 1.5 h, but the actual time of mating is only 10 to 30 min. No female spiders have been found to kill the male spiders after mating. The female lays eggs in a netted egg bag from April to July. The egg bag which is made up of two pieces is shaped like an ellipse and gray in color. Its average volume is 20.0 * 16.8 * 14.3 (mm)~3. Each bag contains averagely 466.3 eggs. It takes about 21 d for those eggs to grow up to baby spiders and then walk out of their egg bags. After walking out of their bags, baby spiders, at first, live in groups on the back of their mother and go out with her. Sometimes they get off to ground to drink water or pick up some remainder of insect bodies. Averagely after 11.8 d baby spiders live independently. The female baby spider can’t become adult until it molts about 6 to 7 times. The wintering period of Lycosa Singoriensis is from the last ten days of October to the first ten days of next March, in which baby spiders or adult spiders live in caves and seal their caves with silk net. The average life span of female spider is two years, and that of the male is about one year.
中文关键词	穴居狼蛛 ; 外形 ; 生活习性 ; 生活史
英文关键词	Lycosa Singoriensis morphological character living habit life cycle
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	ZOOLOGY
WOS研究方向	Zoology
CSCD记录号	CSCD:1210426
来源机构	新疆农业大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/204501
作者单位	1.乌鲁木齐奶业研究所, 乌鲁木齐, 新疆 830011, 中国; 2.新疆农业大学, 乌鲁木齐, 新疆 830052, 中国; 3.米泉县长山子镇农业技术推广站, 米泉, 新疆 831400, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	陆东林,张丹凤,马德英,等. 穴居狼蛛生活习性之初步观察[J]. 新疆农业大学,2003,40(4):193-199.
APA	陆东林,张丹凤,马德英,王琴,&谭春莲.(2003).穴居狼蛛生活习性之初步观察.新疆农业科学,40(4),193-199.
MLA	陆东林,et al."穴居狼蛛生活习性之初步观察".新疆农业科学 40.4(2003):193-199.