干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 中国煤矿区主要生态环境问题及生态重建技术

Arid

	中国煤矿区主要生态环境问题及生态重建技术
其他题名	Major ecological and envrionmental problems and the ecologicla reconstruction technologies of the coal mining areas in China
	范英宏 1; 陆兆华 1; 程建龙 1; 周忠轩 2; 吴钢 2
来源期刊	生态学报
ISSN	1000-0933
出版年	2003
卷号	23 期号:10 页码:2144-2152
中文摘要	煤炭是我国最主要的一次性能源，而且这种能源结构在相当长的时间内不会改变。煤炭资源的开发对我国经济建设和社会发展起到了重要的支撑作用，但是煤炭的开采和利用引发了一系列的生态环境问题，矿区已成为典型的、严重受损生态系统。矿区生态环境问题，已经成为制约矿区可持续发展至区域生态安全的重大隐患。矿区生态环境综合治理已迫在眉睫。综述了我国煤矿区主要的生态环境问题以及具体的治理方法和技术措施，包括矿井水和煤矸石的资源化、污染土地的修复、植被的恢复及水土流失和沙漠化防治技术等。
英文摘要	Coal is the most important one-off energy and plays an important role in China’s economic construction and social development. But the coal development resulted in a lot of ecological and environmental problems, including land and vegetation destruction, water and air pollution, heavy metal pollution, desertification and so on. These problems are hidden troubles that prevent the national economic development and affect the existence of the human. Thus the comprehensive treatment of the problems is an urgent issue in China. At present much progress has been made on the treatment of the problems described above. The treatment technologies of the coal mine water are determined by it’s characters and utilization after treatment. The desalination is the key treatment process for the highly-mineralized mine water, which includes chemical method, thermodynamic method, membrane separation method including electrodialysis and reverse osmosis, etc. The electrodialysis is the more credible technology, and has been used in many mining areas. The acidic mine water treatment technology is comprised of neutralization, biochemical method, ecological engineering method, reverse osmosis, etc. The coal gangue recycling technology includes making brick, making cement, extracting aluminumoxide, making aluminum chloride and so on. Making silicate cement is the most successful technology. The clean coal, desulfurization, central heating, fire-extinguishing methods are major treatment technologies for the air pollution in coal mining areas. And now the recycling of the CR, has been implemented in some mining areas. The land restoration can be divided into agricultural restoration, forestry restoration, water resource restoration, natural protection restoration, industry restoration and so on. The soil improvement is very important to the land restoration, which comprised of covering soil, physical and chemical treatment, adding nutrient materials (including organic fertilizer), removing hazardous materials, adding species and so on. Covering soil is an effective method, but the cost is very high) adding organic fertilizer can chelate the heavy metal ions, and can help the plants anil microorganisms inhabit. There are a lot of methods for the remediation of the heavy metal pollution, mainly include the soil amendment, soil dressing method, chemical leaching method, and electrochemical method and so on. And bioremediation technology is the most promising technology for the contaminated soil, which includes microorganism remediation and phytoremediation. Many researches have been carried out. and scientists have found a lot of plants having the remediation capacity. The water and soil conservation and desertification treatments technologies can be divided into engineering treatment and biological treatment. The engineering treatment of the water and soil conservation includes coating method, netting method, nnti-erosion covering method, etc. The conting method is the most conventional method. The engineering treatments can work in a short time, but the cost is high, and can’t keep in a long time. But biological treatment is an effective method to the water and soil conservation, desertification treatment, vegetation recovery, and it is important to the introduction and selection of plant species which make the ecosystem stable. The coal mining areas have been the most typically and severely damaged ecosystems. The government has attached much importance to them and demanded that the restoration plan must be established before the construction and reconstruction of the coal mining areas. But now there are a lot of problems in the ecological reconstruction and environmental protection. For example, the present treatment technologies of highly-mineralized mine water have cost highly. In the process of vegetation recovery, the surviving rate is low, and the recovered vegetation will degrade again. In the future we should enhance the research on the reconstruction of the whole mining areas, the characteristics and regulation of the succession of the coal mining ecosystems and the ecological risk assessment of the mining areas to instruct the ecological reconstruction practice of the mining areas.
中文关键词	煤矿区 ; 生态环境 ; 生态重建 ; 生态系统 ; 资源化
英文关键词	coal mining area ecological envrionment ecological reconstruction4Aecosystem recycling
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology
CSCD记录号	CSCD:1270177
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/204302
作者单位	1.(北京)中国矿业大学恢复生态学研究所, 北京 100083, 中国; 2.中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 系统生态重点实验室, 北京 100085, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	范英宏,陆兆华,程建龙,等. 中国煤矿区主要生态环境问题及生态重建技术[J],2003,23(10):2144-2152.
APA	范英宏,陆兆华,程建龙,周忠轩,&吴钢.(2003).中国煤矿区主要生态环境问题及生态重建技术.生态学报,23(10),2144-2152.
MLA	范英宏,et al."中国煤矿区主要生态环境问题及生态重建技术".生态学报 23.10(2003):2144-2152.