干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 黄地丘陵区坡耕地水土流失与土地生产力的关系

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	黄地丘陵区坡耕地水土流失与土地生产力的关系
其他题名	Soil and water erosion in its relation to slope field productivity in hilly gully areas of the Loess Plateau
	陈奇伯 1; 王克勤 1; 齐实 2; 孙立达 2
来源期刊	生态学报
ISSN	1000-0933
出版年	2003
卷号	23 期号:8 页码:1463-1469
中文摘要	在黄土丘陵区坡耕地水土流失特征分析的基础上，对坡耕地水土流失与土地生产力的关系进行了研究。采用不同的试验方法，以单位面积坡耕地生产某种生物产品的数量为土地生产力指标，以生产周期短的农作物为指示植物，具体探讨了地表径流损失和土壤流失分别所造成的土地生产力下降幅度。表土人工堆积处理的径流小攻试验结果表明，坡耕地每损失1mm径流，供试作物产量平均下降5.0%～9.7%；小区铲土覆土模拟土壤流失的小区试验结果显示，每减少1cm表土，作物产量下降1.0%～3.1%。每增加1cm表层熟化土，产量增加0.8%～1.7%。在干旱年份，半干旱黄土丘陵区坡耕地由于水土流失导致的作物减产每年平均为21.9%～80.0%，其中径流损失的比重占95.8%～98.2%，而土壤流失仅占1.8%～4.2%。作物品种不同，水土流失对作物产量的影响各异。
英文摘要	Soil and water erosion is probably the most serious ecological environment problem in the Loess Plateau , especially on the slope fields of this semi-arid hilly gully region. It results in decline of top soil thickness, soil nutrients los.s, water pollution, flood disaster and land productivity degradation. But the relationship between soil and water erosion and land productivity is not well defined yet. Without an adequate definition, the selection of proper management strategies to optimize perennial crop and biomass production will be impossible. Insufficiently reasonable decisions can easily result in serious damage to land resources. Land productivity may approach zero in many severely eroded areas such as in the steep slope fields of the Loess Plateau.Accurate estimates of future land productivity are essential to make agricultural and soil erosion management policy decisions and to plan the use of land from the field scale to the national level. Such a task is enormous because it requires a method for quantifying land productivity with sediment and runoff date bases. Land productivity is the capacity of a land in its normal environment to produce a particular plant or sequence of plants under a specified management system. Because of the emphasis on a land’s capacity to produce crops or other plants, land productivity should be expressed in terms of yields or biomass.Despite limited research efforts have been developed to relationship between the soil and water erosion and land productivity problem specifically in china, considerable effort has gone into most of the important processes involved in middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River. The Yellow River, passing through the Loess Plateau, is the most heavily sediment-laden river in the world, with an average sediment concentration of 37-5 kg/m~3 and annual sediment load of 1.6 billion t. The test zone, Xiji county of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, is located in hilly gully area of the Loess Plateau and belongs to semi-arid region with average annual precipitation of about 400 mm.Based on analysis of property of soil and water erosion in slope field in hilly gully area of the Loess Plateau, relationship between soil and water erosion and slope field productivity is researched with different test methods and crops in this paper. Runoff plot test handled by piling up topsoil indicates that-each 1 mm of lost runoff costs the producer 5. 0%~9. 7% of the crop yields. Among them each 1 mm of lost runoff costs the producer 9. 7% of spring wheat yield when slope degrees increases from 10° to 25°. Each 1 mm of lost runoff costs the producer 5. 0% of potato yield when slope degrees increases from 10° to 20°.Plot test simulated soil erosion shows that the yields of different crop species decease by 1.0% - 3.1% with removing each 1 cm topsoil and increase by 0. 8%~1.7% with piling up each lcm topsoil respectively. Concretely the topsoil is the most critical layer in the impact of soil erosion on the yields of spring wheat and flax. Their yields decreases by 3. 1% and 1. 9% respectively with removing each 1 cm top soil when 5 cm top soil is lost, and the reduction are much lower than 1. 9% with removing each 1 cm top soil when 10 cm and 20 cm top soils are lost. And the yields increase by 1.7% and 1.3% with increasing each 1 cm of topsoil when 10 cm topsoil is added. Potato and pea yields reduce by 1. 0% and 2. 2% with string each 1 cm of topsoil when the different soil layers are eroded, and the yields increase by 0. 8% and 1. 2% with increasing each 1 cm of topsoil when 10 cm topsoil is added. There are different impacts of soil and water erosion on the processes of crop growing during their different physiological periods.Impacts of soil and water erosion decrease by 21. 9%~80. 0% of the crop yields in slope field in arid years, among them the lost runoff amounts for 95. 8%~98. 2% and the lost soil loss does only 1. 8%~ 4. 2%. Impacts of soil and water erosion on crop productivity are different for different crop species on the slope fields in semi-arid hilly gully area of the Loess Plateau. The key to keep sustainable land productivity in this area is the reduction of surface runoff.
中文关键词	黄土丘陵区 ; 水土流失 ; 坡耕地 ; 土地生产力
英文关键词	hilly gully area of the loess Plateau soil and water erosion slope field land productivity
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRICULTURE MULTIDISCIPLINARY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:1245562
来源机构	北京林业大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/204291
作者单位	1.西南林学院, 昆明, 云南 650224, 中国; 2.北京林业大学, 北京 100083, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	陈奇伯,王克勤,齐实,等. 黄地丘陵区坡耕地水土流失与土地生产力的关系[J]. 北京林业大学,2003,23(8):1463-1469.
APA	陈奇伯,王克勤,齐实,&孙立达.(2003).黄地丘陵区坡耕地水土流失与土地生产力的关系.生态学报,23(8),1463-1469.
MLA	陈奇伯,et al."黄地丘陵区坡耕地水土流失与土地生产力的关系".生态学报 23.8(2003):1463-1469.